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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADGIR RF-2 (4D5B2L1b) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Yadgir Rf-2 (4D5B2L1b) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS &LUP Sujala MWS Publ.484, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.131 &31. |
Series/Report no.: | 484; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Yadgir Rf-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 687 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 471 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 181 ha is covered by rock outcrops and 35 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 9 soil series and 15 soil phases (management units) and 4 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 471 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 18 per cent of area is very shallow (<25 cm), 41 per cent of area is shallow (25-50 cm), 5 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 1 per cent of area is deep (100 - 150 cm) and 4 per cent of area is very deep (>150 cm). About 30 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 25 per cent loamy soils and 13 per cent clayey soils at the surface. About 54 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%), 13 per cent is gravelly (15-35%) and 2 per cent very gravelly.. About 4 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 1 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) and 64 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m). About 63 per cent of area in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands and 5 per cent of area is gently sloping (3-5%) lands. Maximum area of about 63 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded and 5 per cent area is severely (e3) eroded. Entire area of the microwatershed is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is <2 dsm- 1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 24 per cent area is medium (0.5-0.75%) and 45 per cent area is high (>0.75%) in organic carbon content of the soil. About 55 per cent of area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus content of the soil and 14 per cent of area is low (<23 kg/ha) in the microwatershed. About 68 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium content and <1 per cent of area is high (>337 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 12 per cent, medium (10 -20 ppm) in 42 per cent and high (>20 ppm) in 15 per cent area in the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of 41 per cent and medium (0.5-0.1 ppm) in an area of 28 per cent of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 41per cent area and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in 27 per cent area in the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in an area of 56 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in an area of 13 per cent of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 26 (4) Guava - - Maize - 26 (4) Sapota - - Bajra - 26 (4) Pomegranate - - Groundnut - - Musambi - - Sunflower - - Lime - - Redgram - 26 (4) Amla - - Bengal gram - - Cashew - - Cotton - - Jackfruit - - Chilli - - Jamun - - Tomato - - Custard apple - - Brinjal - - Tamarind - - Onion - - Mulberry - - Bhendi - - Marigold - - Drumstick - - Chrysanthemum - - Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Yallgir Rf-2 is located at North latitude 160 53’ 31.23” and 160 51’ 39.15” and East longitude 770 5’ 12.429'' and 770 2’ 55.295” covering an area of about 687.07 ha coming under Vaddanahalli, Yaragola and Venkateshwaranagara villages of Yadagiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis indicated that, out of the total sample of 34 respondents, 14 (41.18%) were marginal, 7(20.59%) were small and 6 (17.65%) were semi medium and 2 (5.88%) were medium. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 98 (58.33%) men and 70 (41.67%) were women. Majority of the respondents (55.36%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, majority there were 50.60 per cent illiterates, 1.79 per cent attained graduation. About, 79.41 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 2.94 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 47.02 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 73.53 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 23.53 per cent possess pucker house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 97.06 per cent possess TV, 41.18 per cent possess mixer grinder and 91.18 per cent possess mobile phones. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 14.71 per cent of the households possess plough and only 8.82 per cent sprayer. Regarding livestock possession by the households and 8.82 per cent possess local cow. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.74, women available in the micro watershed was 1.44, hired labour (men) available was 1.74 and hired labour (women) available was 11. Further, 88.24 per cent of the household opined that hired labour was adequate during the agricultural season. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents (34.21 ha), 66.79 per cent of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 28.83 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 8 bore wells among the sampled households. Bore well was the major source of irrigation for 26.47 per cent of the households. The major crops grown by sample farmers are Red gram, Cotton, Groundnut, Jowar and Paddy and cropping intensity was recorded as 100 per cent. The sample households possessed 88.24 per cent bank account and 67.65 per cent of them have savings in the account. About 55.88 per cent of the respondents borrowed credit from various sources. Among the credit borrowed by households, 46.67 per cent from Cooperative bank. 2 Majority of the respondents (92.86 %) have borrowed loan for agriculture purpose. Regarding the opinion on institutional sources of credit, 50 per cent of the households opined that credit helped to perform timely agricultural operations. The per hectare cost of cultivation for Red gram, Cotton, Groundnut, Jowar and Paddy was Rs.61705.62, 74440.39, 129425.18, 44892.44 and 211214.41 with benefit cost ratio of 1:2.50, 1: 2.10, 1: 1, 1: 5.30 and 1:1.50 respectively. Further, 14.71 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and dry fodder was inadequate. With respect to green fodder availability, 8.82 percent of them opined it was sufficient. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 175132.35 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 93808.82 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown horticulture trees were coconut (21) and clustered apple (3) trees in the fields and forest species were 56 neem, 5 tamarind, 2 banyan trees together in both field and backyard. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs 44.12 and for land development. Rs 2941.18 for irrigation facility creation. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, land development was 44.12 and for irrigation facility was 2.94 per cent. Regarding marketing channels, 47.06 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants, while, 26.47 per cent have sold by Agents/Traders. Further, 58.82 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (26.47 %) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 76.47 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Firewood connection was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 88.24 per cent of the households and 38.24 per cent households has LPG. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 97.06 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households. In the study area, 52.94 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 100 per cent of the households possessed BPL card. Cereals (82.35%), pulses (79.41%), oilseeds (61.76%) were adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (79.41%) wild animal menace on farm field (61.76%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (79.41%), inadequacy of irrigation water (73.53%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (76.47%), high rate of interest on credit (79.41%), low price for the agricultural commodities (67.65%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (50%), inadequate extension services (32.35%) and lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (64.71%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.131 &31 |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43925 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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484.Yadgir Rf-2_(4D5B2L1b).pdf | 21.81 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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