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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT NAGARABUNDI-3 (4D5B1M2a) MICROWATERSHED Balichakra Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Nagarabundi-3 (4D5B1M2a) Microwatershed, Balichakra Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.349, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.139 & 32. |
Series/Report no.: | 349; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Nagarabundi-3Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 645 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 620 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 10 ha by rock outcrops and 15 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 12 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 6 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 620 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 27 per cent area is shallow (25-50 cm), 21 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 7 per cent area is moderately deep (75-100 cm), 30 per cent area is deep (100 - 150 cm) and 10 per cent area is very deep (>150 cm). About 1 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 80 per cent loamy soils and 15 per cent clay soils at the surface. Entire area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%). About 25 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 44 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) and 27 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m). Maximum area of 94 per cent in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands and 2 per cent area is nearly level (0-1%) lands. Maximum area of about 94 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded and 2 per cent area is slightly (e1) eroded. An area of about 11 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction and 85 per cent area is alkaline (pH 7.3-8.4) The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. An area of 24 per cent is high (>0.75%) and 72 per cent area is medium (0.5- 0.75%) in organic carbon content. Maximum area of about 92 per cent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 4 per cent area is low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus content in the microwatershed. Entire area in the microwatershed is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium content. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 5 per cent and medium (10 -20 ppm) in 91 per cent of area in the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of 14 per cent and medium (0.5-0.1 ppm) in an area of 82 per cent of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 336 (52) Guava - 47 (7) Maize 47 (7) 289 (45) Sapota - 47 (7) Bajra 47 (7) 289 (45) Pomegranate - 59 (9) Groundnut 47 (7) 88 (14) Musambi - 59 (9) Sunflower - 59 (9) Lime - 59 (9) Redgram - 198(31) Amla 47 (7) 138 (21) Bengal gram - 12 (2) Cashew - 47 (7) Cotton - 62 (10) Jackfruit - 47 (7) Chilli 47 (7) 150 (23) Jamun - - Tomato 47 (7) 138 (21) Custard apple 47 (7) 150 (23) Brinjal 47 (7) 138 (21) Tamarind - - Onion 47 (7) 138 (21) Mulberry - 47 (7) Bhendi 47 (7) 150 (23) Marigold 47 (7) 150 (23) Drumstick - 47 (7) Chrysanthemum 47 (7) 150 (23) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 88 (57.89%) men and 64 (42.11%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of marginal farmers’ was 4.6, small farmers’ was 4.5, semi medium farmers’ was 4.7 and medium farmers were 3.6. The data indicated that, 23 (15.13%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 74 (48.68%) were in 16-35 years of age, 51 (33.55%) were in 36-60 years of age and 4 (2.63%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Nagarbundi-3 had 61.18 per cent illiterates, 1.32 per cent of them had functional illiterate, 9.87 per cent of them had primary school, 3.29 per cent of them had Middle school education, 10.53 per cent of them had high school, 3.95 per cent of them had PUC and 2.63 per cent of them had degree education. The results indicate that, 58.82 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture and 41.18 per cent of the household heads were agricultural labourers. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 32.24 per cent of the household members, 35.53 per cent were agricultural labourers, 10.53 per cent were housewives, 15.79 per cent were student and 5.26 per cent were in children. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 11.76 per cent of the households possess thatched and pucca/RCC house, 76.47 per cent of the households possess katcha house. The results show that 88.24 per cent of the households possess TV, 52.94 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder, 26.47 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 2.94 per cent of the household’s posses auto and 100 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 8,966, mixer/grinder was Rs. 1,944, motor cycle was Rs. 56,666, auto was Rs. 150,000 and mobile phone was Rs. 2,646. About 11.76 per cent each of the households possess bullock cart, 70.59 per cent each of the households possess Plough, 5.88 per cent each of the households possess seed/fertilizer drill and harvester, 2.94 per cent of the households possess sprayer and sprinkler, 76.47 per cent each of the households possess weeder and 20.59 per cent of the households possess thresher. The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 14,250, plough was Rs. 1,443, seed/ fertilizer drill was Rs. 3,500, sprayer was Rs. 1,500, sprinkler was Rs. 2,000, weeder was Rs. 54, harvester was Rs. 100 and the average value of thresher was Rs. 157. The results indicate that, 26.47 per cent of the households possess bullocks and 1.76 per cent of the households possess local cow. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.65, average own labour (women) available was 1.26, average hired labour (men) available was 13.59 and average hired labour (women) available was 12.85. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Nagarbundi-3 micro-watershed possess 316 ha (55.13%) of dry land, 21.80 ha (38.69%) of irrigated land and 3.48 ha (6.18%) of permanent fallow land. Marginal farmers possess 3.53 ha (673%) of dry land, 0.93 ha (176%) of irrigated and 0.81 ha (15.37%) of permanent fallow land land. Small farmers possess 11.13 ha (83.43%) of dry land, 0.81 ha (67%) of irrigated land and 1.40 ha (10.50%) of permanent fallow land. Semi medium farmers possess 11.95 ha (62.53%) of dry land, 62 ha (31.5%) of irrigated land and 1.14 ha (5.97%) of permanent fallow land. medium farmers possess 4.45 ha (23.91%) of dry land, 144 ha (754%) of irrigated land and 0.13 ha (0.7%) of permanent fallow land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 379,752.44, the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 376,0492 and the average value of permanent fallow land was Rs. 376,0492. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 793,119.26 for dry land, the average land value was Rs. 862,882.11 and the average land value was Rs. 494,000 for permanent fallow land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 413,313.93 for dry land, the average land value was Rs. 1,729,000 for irrigated land and the average land value was Rs. 249,855.49 for permanent fallow. In case of semi medium famers, the average value of dry land was Rs. 334,461.74, the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 431,5863 and the average value of permanent fallow land was Rs. 249,855.49. In case of medium famers, the average value of dry land was Rs. 89,818.18, the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 242,0875 and the average value of permanent fallow land was Rs. 308,7501. The results indicate that, there were 12 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 35.29 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 37.65 meters. The results indicate that, marginal, small, semi medium and medium farmers had an irrigated area of 0.93 ha, 0.81 ha, 5.89 ha and 144 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown cotton (14.50%), green gram and maize (3.64 ha), groundnut (16.16 ha), paddy (8.29 ha) and red gram (6.75 ha). Marginal farmers have grown cotton, green gram, groundnut and red gram. Small farmers have grown cotton, groundnut and red gram. Semi medium farmers have grown cotton, green gram, groundnut and maize. Medium farmers have grown groundnut, maize and paddy. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Nagarbundi-3 microwatershed was found to be 100 per cent. 3 The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Cotton was Rs. 50571.93. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 568824. The net income from Cotton cultivation was Rs. 6310.11. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.12. The total cost of cultivation for Paddy was Rs. 585129. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 58793.97. The net income from Paddy cultivation was Rs. 281.89. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1. The total cost of cultivation for Red gram was Rs. 30128.78. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 58332.81. The net income from Red gram cultivation was Rs. 282042. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.94. The total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 23469.91. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 39668.10. The net income from green gram cultivation was Rs. 16198.18. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.69. The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 53584.64. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 69041.55. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 15456.91. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.29. The total cost of cultivation for maize was Rs. 18788.27. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 32974.50. The net income from maize cultivation was Rs. 14186.23. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.76. The results indicate that, 23.53 per cent of the households opined that dry and green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 65,150 for marginal farmers, for small farmers it was Rs. 108,000, semi medium farmers it was Rs. 147,173.33 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 209,625. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 13,266.75. For marginal farmers it was Rs. 6,664.29, for small farmers it was Rs. 6,884.30, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 10,410.49 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 38,055.56. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 4 coconut and 10 mango trees in their field and also 4 coconut tree in their backyard. The results indicate that, households have planted 3 teak and acacia, 65 neem, 8 tamarind, 2 pongamia and 11 banyan trees in their field and also 1 neem trees in their backyard. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 7,823.53 for land development, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 3,529.41 for irrigation facility, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1,970.59 for improved crop production and households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 735.29 for improved livestock management. The results indicated that government subsidy was the source of additional investment for 2.94 per cent for irrigation facility. Loan from bank was the source of additional investment for 50 per cent for land development, 38.24 per cent for improved crop 4 production and 11.43 per cent for improved livestock management. Own funds was the source of additional investment for 8.82 per cent for land development. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 2.94 per cent for land development. The results indicated that, cotton was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, green gram was sold to the extent of 90.5 per cent, groundnut was sold to the extent of 95.18 per cent, maize was sold to the extent of 96.84 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 95.79 per cent and red gram was sold to the extent of 87.32 per cent. The results indicated that, about 100 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchant. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 61.76 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 97.6 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the households used fire wood as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.6 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 35.29 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL cards. he results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals, egg and meat were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 94.12 per cent, oilseed were adequate for 2.94 per cent, fruits were adequate for 11.76 per cent and milk were adequate for 97.6 per cent. The results indicated that, pulses and vegetables were inadequate for 5.88 per cent of the households, oilseed were inadequate for 97.6 per cent, fruits were inadequate for 88.24 per cent and milk were inadequate for 2.94 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil in the area was the constraint experienced by 100 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (52.94%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (58.82%), Inadequacy of irrigation water (5.88%), high cost of fertilizer and plant protection chemicals (94.12%), high rate of interest on credit and lack of marketing facilities in the area (2.94%) and low price for the agricultural commodities (85.29%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.139 & 32. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/50026 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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349.Nagarabundi-3_(1M2a).pdf | 16.23 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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