Profile of plasma biomolecules and minerals in various reproductive status of cattle and buffaloes

Abstract

The reasons for declining fertility in dairy cattle and buffaloes are being investigated intensely to improve the productivity. The present study was conducted to assess the extent of reproductive disorders and possible causes in cattle and buffaloes. Data on various managemental aspects and reproductive status were recorded. The blood samples were collected from the animals without reproductive problems and reproductively problematic animals. The plasma was separated and analyzed for minerals, hormones and biochemical status. The study revealed that 21% of the animals had reproductive disorders, of which, repeat breeders were predominantly high (51.5%), followed by post-partum anestrus (22.8%), delayed puberty (15.74%) and silent heat (2.4%). Based on history, rectal examination and the plasma progesterone levels, silent estrus was observed in 18% (3/16) of the postpartum anestrus animals and luteal insufficiency was observed in 54% (6/11) of the repeat breeders. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was higher in repeat breeders and normal animals as compared to silent heat. Overall, 50% (77/155) of the animals showed a negative energy balance irrespective of the reproductive status. The 55.5% of the postpartum anestrus (10/18) and silent heat (5/9) animals were in negative energy status. The HDL cholesterol was lower in animals with delayed puberty than in normal animals. The plasma levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) were lower in the silent heat as compared to normal animals. The present study revealed the importance of HDL cholesterol in attaining puberty and essential role of Mg in maintaining optimum reproductive efficiency in dairy animals.