GM and non-GM biotechnologies in the improvement of floriculture

Abstract

Horticultural industry undoubtedly has been revolutionized by ornamental plants. Floriculture industry requires new plant varieties with elite traits such as improved anatomical attributes, broad floral color range vase life novel pigmentation abiotic stress tolerance disease resistance floral architecture, fragrance or floral scent, floral morphology or productivity , timing synchronicity of flowering and post harvest life and other attributes. in the past century tissue culture based techniques like micro propagation, specific pathogen free plant let production, hybrid embryo rescue haploidy of dihaploids, somatic embryo genesis etc contributed significantly to floriculture. subsequently, transgenic or GM Genticlly modified based technologies like Genetic engineering through agrobacterium facilitated transformation and direct gene transfer using biolostics or elctroporation (Diectfr DNA uptake) were all the rage. Molecular markers took off in a big way, in structural genomics. however with several countries wary off transgenics newer and non-GM bio technologies have emerged this century, tipping the balance in favor of exploiting functional genomics. RNA mediated and Genome editing tools have been broadly adopted as more feasible methods to deal with intrinsic obstacles in classical techniques. ornamental with useful traits for insect pest resistance, disease or herbicide or stress tolerance and improved product quality need to be developed.