Genomic Advances in Root Vegetable Crops.

Abstract

The rapid development in genomic technology and its tools leads to the drastic change in vegetable research. Vegetable breeders can access and explore the enormous sequenced data to deep understanding of vegetable genetic variation at DNA sequenced level. Therefore, well understandings of genomic tools to access and analyze these data are most essential in current vegetable research. The number of available DNA sequenced data for root crops in public databases has constantly increasing recently. These databases offers to design and development of genomic SSR markers, DNA arrays, transposable elements, whole genome sequenced mitochondrial plast genomes and codominant markers and a high throughput SNP genotyping. Some of the vegetable genome databases have been established and continued expanding recently. Simultaneously, analytical methods of genomic bioinformatic tools are also well developed in many aspects of vegetable genomic research particularly functional and comparative genomic analysis, phylogenomics, evolutionary analysis and genome wide association study. However, regular updates of computational infrastructures such as performing analysis software is the most challenging in vegetable genome research. These genomic molecular tools and databases have been successfully used to gain new insights into root genetic diversity, chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome evolution and to construct the first dense molecular based linkage maps which are opening a new challenging and exciting era for root crop scientific community. This review paper primarily focuses on recent advancement of genomic resources, genomic tools, challenges and opportunities which can forward the vegetable research in current vegetable genomics era as well as future for effective utilization of genetic and genomic resources tools to facilitate the advanced generation sequencing data to enhancement of vegetable productivity and nutritional security.