Dietary Supplementation of κ-Carrageenan to Improve the Physio-Chemical and Functional Properties of White Bread

Abstract

Fiber intake improves gut health and prevents non-communicable diseases. The current study investigates the substitution of carrageenan in white bread and evaluates its effect on the physiochemical and structural characteristics of bread. The 100% wheat flour was used as control and the test sample contained 4% carrageenan. The physio-chemical analysis showed that carrageenan-substitution improved the hydration properties of the flour. Carrageen substituted bread had reduced the loaf volume. The fiber content in carrageenan-substituted bread was noticeably higher (9.4 g % ) than control (3.5 g % ). Crude lipid (4.6 g % ) and protein (7.0 g % ) content improved with carrageenan-substitution. The mineral contents (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn) were increased in carrageenan-breads. The texture profile analysis showed a decreased hardness and improved springiness (5.3 mm) in carrageenan-bread.