Broodstock maturation, larval rearing and HACCP principles in the shrimp hatchery system

Abstract

The quality and viability of the shrimp seeds play a vital role in the success of shrimp culture. Indian white shrimp Pindicus, is the first indigenous penaeid shrimp for which seed production was standardized in India during the 1980s. Along with black tiger shrimp (P monodon), Indian white shrimp dominated the shrimp fishery till the early 1990s. However, wild broodstock-dependent Indian shrimp farming was severely hampered by the viral epidemics since 1994. In this situation, the introduction of exotic species SPF P.vannamei in 2009 gave impetus to shrimp farming. Presently, India has around 311 CAA registered P.vananmei shrimp hatcheries and 90 nauplius rearing centers (NRC). The registered hatcheries import Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock mainly from the USA, Madagascar, Mexico, and Hawaii. Aquatic Quarantine Facility (MPEDA-RGCAAQF) located at Chennai under Govt. of India is the nodal center that issues quarantine clearance for imported broodstock. In 2019-2020, about 1,24,957 pairs of Pacific white shrimp broodstocks were imported from the 14 authorized suppliers to cater to the demand of the Indian shrimp hatcheries. The annual production capacity for shrimp postlarvae (PL.) from these hatcheries is 70 billion seeds. Broodstock development and larval rearing are essential components of any commercial shrimp hatcheries. Major features of shrimp hatchery include quarantine facilities, broodstock maturation units, spawning and hatching units, algal culture units, larval and post- larval rearing section, water treatment system, etc. This chapter discusses broodstock and larval rearing components of the hatchery system.