Phytochemical analysis, HPTLC profile, and in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome extracts.

Abstract

Cyperus rotundus L. (family: Cyperaceae) is a perennial weed and widely used in traditional medicine in Asian countries. The present study deals with the methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts obtained from the rhizome part of Cyperus rotundus to investigate the preliminary phytochemical analysis, HighPerformance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling, and in-vitro antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against the fish pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda (ATCC 15947). The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and steroids in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Quantitative estimation of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extracts was higher than in other extracts. HPTLC profiling was carried out to visualize the unknown secondary metabolites on densitometry scan at 254 nm, 366 nm 550 nm respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity was determined by free radical inhibition of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. In the result, in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities against E. tarda (ATCC 15947) exhibited a zone of inhibition of about 12 mm in methanolic extract of C. rotundus. Therefore, the current study provides baseline information for exploiting the extract of C. roduntus rhizome for treating the E. tarda infection in the aquaculture system.