General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201628672037221
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Principal Inventor	:	Dr. D D Nangare
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Principal scientist
Principal Inventor Email	:	dd.nangare@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegao, Baramati
Co-Inventor Email	:	mahesh.kumar6@icar.gov.in, pravin.taware@icar.gov.in , vijaysinha.kakade@icar.gov.in
Technology Name	:	Dragon Fruit: Wonder crop for rocky barren lands and water scarce areas
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
A technology for establishment of dragon fruit orchard on superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area has been developed. In this technology, trench of pits of 0.75 m width with 0.75 m depth are prepared with the help of excavator machine. Fixed the cement pole of 6 m length in the trench filled the soil and FYM/manure around cement pole. Trenches were filled with the native soil, mixture of native and black soil (1:1 proportion) and black soil as treatments. The dragon fruit cuttings prepared in the nursery are planted around the cement pole. Four cuttings/pole (approx. 20-30 cm length) are planted. As dragon fruit has aerial roots, the drip irrigation system is used above the pole. Irrigation water drips though dripper and microtube around the cement pole. Roots get irrigated and fixed with cement pole. The single stem is allowed to grow up to top of cement pole and then allow drooping down to form umbrella shape. The standard canopy management practices are followed to achieve satisfactory development of plant in umbrella shape to get flowering and fruiting in the plants during the subsequent years.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
In peninsular India, lands with superficially subdued basalt igneous rocks exist in large areas. These lands are porous, shallow and gravelly with low in organic matter, high bulk density and poor water retention capacity. Also water scarcity was increasing day by day in semi-arid areas. These lands under water scarcity areas will be brought under the cultivation of Dragon fruit. Dragon fruit (Hylocerus undatus) has been introduced as a new crop to adopt in low rainfall zone for rocky barren land and gaining rapid popularity amongst farmers. Botanically, dragon fruit is available in three variants viz., Red skin with white pulp (Hylocereus undatus), Red skin with red pulp (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and Yellow skin with white pulp ( Hylocereus megalanthus ). ICAR-NIASM has initiated the cultivation of white fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) at our Research Farm in almost an acre. Various steps have been taken and finally its cultivation practices have been standardised for dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) under rocky barren land in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra for three different soil filling mixtures viz. 100% native murrum soil, mixture of 50% native murrum and 50 % black soil and 100 % black soil. Dragon fruit yield varies from 14.2 to 19.7 kg per plant in three different soil mixtures. Average fruit weight of dragon fruit was recorded maximum in mixed soil having 50 % black soil and 50 % native soil. The maximum plant yield was recorded in mixture of native murrum and black soil (1:1). Maximum fruit weight of 618 g with diameter of 94.41 mm and length of 102.3 mm was recorded in mixed soil. Also, shelf life is optimized for white flesh variety of dragon fruit at ICAR-NIASM. It was observed from the initial storage study that the keeping quality of this fruit is good and it can be stored up to 5-7 days at ambient room temperature 28 oC, 10-12 days and 20-21 days in cold storage at temperature of 18 oC and 8 oC, respectively. There is need to shift from the traditional orchards and diversify the fruit basket which meet the therapist demand of consumers, suited to drought prone & degraded lands.
Benefits/Utility	:
About 8% land of the country is rocky and barren. The technology provides an opportunity for diversification of cultivating the new crop in water scarce and barren land. The annual income from dragon orchard can be obtained in a range of Rs 3-4 lakhs per year per ha during third year and expected to reach at a peak of Rs. 5-6 lakhs from 4th year onward. As this fruit is rich in nutritive and medicinal values with better production potential even under adverse conditions with limited inputs, this crop can be included as an integral part in improving the economic status of farmers as well as nutritional security.
How To Use	:
• Making pits: Prepare the layout marking in fields as per spacing recommendations and dug pits of 1 x 1 m with the help of excavator machine. • Fixing of Pole and top structure: A cement pole of 6 m height will be fixed in the pit. The concrete circular or rectangular frame or trye is fixed on the top of pole for drooping the stems downward side for growing. • Filling of pits with soil and FYM: Pits were filled with native murrum soil and mixture of manure/FYM. As these types of lands are having very poor soil fertility therefore initially 10-15 kg FYM and 100 g SSP/ plant hill are required at the time of planting. • Planting: Four cutting/pole of about 20-30 cm length were planted around the pole. • Variety: White flesh variety. • Training and Prunning: As the dragon fruit is a climbing cacti and epiphytic, the vine needs concrete pole for support. The cuttings are allowed to grow with pole. Immature stem must be tied to that column for aerial roots to develop and bound to the column. Lateral shoots are restricted and only 2-3 main stems allowed to grow. • Water and nutrient management o For water management drip irrigation system to be installed. As plants have aerial roots, those are irrigated through drip system/micro tube with two drippers with discharge of 4 L hr-1installed at top of pole. The nutrients are given through drip system directly to roots. Drip irrigation system is used to maintain soil moisture during fruit development. The irrigation requirement is 1000-1500 litre/pole/year during the first and second year. o During the first two years, 500 g urea and 500 g P and 300 g K should be applied to each pole per year in four splits at three months interval. After two years, each pole having four plants should be applied with 800 g N, 900 g P and 550 g K per pole per year which should be well distributed in six splits. • Flowering and Fruiting: Dragon fruit flower bloom at night and it is off white in colour. In semi-arid zone, flowering of dragon fruit initiate in the month of June. All together there were five harvesting under normal cultivation practices but with proper management practices two more flush was obtained every year. Fruits will be matured 30-35 days after flowering. Dragon fruit is indeterminate in nature and flowering and fruiting used to occur simultaneously. Flowering and fruiting occurs during June to November. Fruits should be covered by cotton bags when the colour of fruit is changing from green to red to control the damage of fruits by bird biting and pests. • Pest and disease control o Clean cultivation to be followed in orchard to avoid diseases like and pests like fruit fly. Remove diseased twigs and infected fruits from the orchard. o Dragon fruit is affected by comparatively lesser amount of pests and diseases. The pests like mealy bugs, aphids and termite have been found damaging the dragon fruit. o Presently, fruit fly attack was observed in dragon fruit. The pheromone traps shall be used in the orchard to control the fruit fly. o Follow recommended spray schedule along with cultivation practices and canopy management for integrated disease and pest management. • Harvesting, processing and storage o Fruits become ready for harvesting about 30-35 days after full bloom. o The harvesting time mostly falls between July-November, which comes in 6-7 flushes. o During initial fruit development period, the outer skin of immature fruit looks bright green in colour and gradually turns red as the ripening progress. o For local market, fruit can be harvested three to four days after the skin colour changes from green to red/pink colour, while for far markets/export purpose it can be harvested a day after colour change. o It was observed from the initial storage study that the keeping quality of this fruit is good and it can be stored up to 5-7 days at ambient room temperature 28 oC, 10-12 days and 20-21 days in cold storage at temperature of 18 oC and 8 oC, respectively. o Processed products can be prepared from dragon fruit are Jam, dry cubes, wine etc
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through KVKs, state departments and also institute visits, technical bulletin and VDO exhibiting land development activities at ICAR-NIASM. More than 35000 cuttings of dragon fruit distributed among the farmers and state agriculture universities for further cultivation and increasing the area under dragon fruit cultivation in India
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Farmers having barren land with shallow basaltic murrum soil
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Keyword for Technology	:	Abiotic stress, basalt rock, Dragon fruit, shallow soil

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Institute project: Techniques to obviate edaphic stresses in orchards grown on shallow basaltic soils (IXX10720)
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	0-2013
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	0-2018
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Validation(YYYY)	:	0-2016
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	12-2018
Country	:	India
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Farmer Details..
Farmer Land Holding Size	:	'Agriculture'
Farmer Type	:	'Marginal'
Water Availability Status	:	Rainfed
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Research Paper information..

1. Yogeshwar Singh, D.D. Nangare, P. Suresh Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, Prashantkumar Hanjagi, P.B. Taware, S.K. Bal, J. Rane and N.P. Singh (2016 ). Dragon fruit: Wonder crop for degraded and water-scarce areas , Proceedings of International conference on Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity, Ecological Sustainability and Resource Management for Livelihood Security , -., -., ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair.

2. Nangare Dhananjay D., Yogeshwar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, P.B. Taware, J. Rane and N.P. Singh (2017 ). Dragon fruit: crop for degraded and water-scarce areas under changing climate , Souvenir of International Seminar on Global Climate Change :Implications for Agriculture and Water Sectors , -., -., VNMKV, Parbhani.

3. Nangare D D, Yogeshwar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, G C Wakchaure, Rashmi Thorat, Pravin Mane, Rohit Babar and P B Taware (2020 ). Study on the post-harvest quality parameters of dragon fruit grown under shallow basaltic soil in semi-arid region of Maharashtra , Souvenir of International symposium on ‘Artificial Intelligence based future technologies in Agriculture’ , -., -., ISAE, New Delhi.

4. Nangare D D, Rohit Babar, Tejashri Dhavale and Pravin Taware (2020 ). Effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting behaviour of Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) cuttings , Souvenir of International webinar on ‘Plant physiological paradigms towards Agricultural sustainability under climate change’ , -., -., Bihar Agricultural university, Sabour.

Technical Bulletin information..

1. Nangare DD, Taware PB, Singh Y, Kumar PS, Bal SK, Ali S and Pathak H (2020). Dragon Fruit: A Potential Crop for Abiotic Stressed Areas., ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, 47.

Popular Article Information..

1. Rohit Babar, Yogeshwar Singh, D. D. Nangare, Jagdish Rane and N. P. Singh (2016). Dragon fruit: Wonder crop for dry land farmers.., Souvenir of 24th National children’s Science Congress (NCSC 2016), National children’s Science Congress (NCSC 2016). 33-35.

2. Yogeshwar Singh, D D Nangare, Mahesh Kumar, P Suresh Kumar, P B Taware and N P Singh (2018). Pathrili jamin evam jal kami shetrokeliye dragon fal ki sambhavnae., Rajbhasha Aalok Vol 22, ICAR, New Delhi. 42-45.

3. Yogeshwar Singh, D D Nangare, P S Kumar, Mahesh Kuar, P B Taware, R K Phasala and N P Singh (2018). Dragon fal: Pathrili bhumi evam shushk shetronkeliye Bhavi fasal., Krishi Stress Patrika Vol 1, ICAR-NIASM, Baramati. 16.

Leaf Let Information..

1. Yogeshwar singh, Dhananjay Nangare, P suresh Kumar, Mahesh kumar, Pravin Taware, S K bal, Jagadish Rane and Narendra Pratap Singh (2016). Dragon fruit: Future crop for degraded and water scarce areas. 18.

2. Dhananjay Nangare, Yogeshwar Singh, P Suresh Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, Pravin Taware, S K Bal, Jagadish Rane and N P Singh (2016). Dragon fal: Khadkal jamin, kami pani v kordya havamanasathi sambhavya pik. 6.

3. Yogeshwar Singh, Dhananjay Nangare, P Suresh Kumar, Mahesh kumar, Pravin Taware, S K bal, Jagadish Rane and N P Singh (2016). Dragon fal: Simit sinchai evam uthali mruda shetronke liye mahatvpurn fasal. 19.

Books Chapter Information..

1. (2019). Dragon fruit: wonder crop for rocky barren lands and water scarce areas, 9. Dragon fruit: wonder crop for rocky barren lands and water scarce areas, , Nangare D D, Wakchaure G C, Rajkumar, Bhendarkar M P, N P Singh ICAR-NIASM, Baramati.