General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201628674653663
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Principal Inventor	:	Dr D D Nangare
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Principal Scientist
Principal Inventor Email	:	dd.nangare@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic stress management, Malegaon, Baramati
Co-Inventor Name	:	Dr. Pravin B. Taware, Dr. Mahesh Kumar, Dr Yogeshawar Singh, Dr P S Minhas, Dr. Vijaysinha Kakade, Dr. H. Pathak
Technology Name	:	Deficit irrigation management with plastic mulch in pomegranate orchard in Abiotic-stressed Basaltic Terrain
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
A technology for establishment of pomegranate orchard on superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area has been developed and validated. In this technology, pits of 1-2 m length x 1 m breadth with 1 m depth are prepared at the spacing of 4.5 m x 3.0 m with the help of excavator machine. The pits are filled with native soil mixture along with 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM) and 500 g single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizer per pit. The pomegranate saplings are planted in the pits followed by watering. Drip irrigation system was used for irrigating the plants. The standard canopy management practices are followed to achieve satisfactory development and fruiting of the plants during the subsequent years. Deficit irrigation PRD strategy with plastic mulch is used for moisture conservation in native murrum soil and increasing water use efficiency and improving quality of fruits.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
In peninsular India, lands with superficially subdued basalt igneous rocks exist in large areas. These lands are porous, shallow and gravelly with poor organic matter content, high bulk density and poor water retention capacity. In these shallow basaltic soils, low water retention and presence of hard rocks and murrum are the major constraints for establishment of pomegranate orchards. To overcome this situation micro-blasting at bottom of pits (1 m x 1 m) is done to develop cracks in the hard rock facilitating better root penetration and water conservation. Native soil mixed with black soil in 1:1 proportion to fill these pits or trenches, results in good initial stand of plants due to enhanced moisture holding at root-zone. Further, deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying strategy along with plastic mulch was used for moisture conservation in native murrum and increasing water use efficiency. The average stem girth in pomegranate varies from 47.6-53.6 mm. The irrigation water use efficiency varies from 5.93 to 13.32 kg/m3 under deficit irrigation and PRD treatments with and without mulch. The PRD60 strategy along with mulch increased fruit yields by 9.3% and water productivity by 34% compared with DI 0.8 ET without mulch. Under mulched condition average increase in yield with PRD60 over the regulated deficit drip irrigation was 5.4 %. This might be due to higher enzymatic activity like SOD, peroxidase, catalase upregulated by water deficit under PRD as compared to RDI. The PRD-treated plants also exhibited lower stomatal conductance and higher RWC compared with those exposed to RDI. Under mulched condition, foliar spray of SA helped in increasing yield to the tune of 3.7 and 6.2 % over PRD60 and DI60, respectively.
Benefits/Utility	:
About 8% land of the country is rocky and barren. The technology provides an opportunity for water saving in pomegranate under bedrock conditions using deficit irrigation technique with mulch. The standardised method/strategy will benefit for mitigating edaphic and drought stresses and increase in economic longevity of orchards grown on rocky and barren land.
How To Use	:
• Making pits and trenches: Prepare the layout marking in fields as per spacing recommendations (4.5 m x 3.0 m) and dug pits with the help of excavator machine. If the rock is very hard, breaker may be used to achieve required depth. Final pit dimension to be maintained as 1-2 m x 1 m with depth of 1 m. Remove all the materials from pit and keep only fine material aside for filling mixture. • Filling of pits: Pits so formed are to be filled with soil mixture. Mix native murrum soil with black soil in 1:1 proportion and fill in the pit along with 20 kg FYM and 500 g SSP. • Planting: Re-mark the layout and plant the saplings in the pits followed by immediate watering. Drip irrigation system with plastic mulch is used for crop. • Variety: Vegetatively propagated (through air layering) saplings of variety Bhagawa, a heavy yielder possessing desirable fruit characters, was selected for planting. This variety matures in 180-190 days with average yield of about 30 kg fruits per tree. The fruits are large, sweet, bold with attractive arils, glossy and very attractive saffron coloured thick skin making it suitable for transportation. • Water and nutrient management o For water management drip irrigation system to be installed at canopy shadow periphery/boundary with four drippers with discharge of 8 L hr-1. o Irrigation water requirement should be decided on the basis of crop coefficient (Kc) and local Epan based rate of evapotranspiration (ETr). o Basal dose of fertilizers to be applied along with 20 kg FYM per plant at the time of pruning. Further nutrient requirements are met with soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation i.e., fertigation. • Pest and disease control o Clean cultivation to be followed in orchard to avoid diseases like fungal fruit rot, bacterial blight and pests like fruit borer. Remove diseased twigs and infected fruits should be burned outside the orchard. o Immediately after defoliation and pruning, carry out field floor sanitization by spraying sodium hypochlorite @ 2.5%. o Thorough spraying of Bordeaux mixture 1% on orchard after pruning is required. o Follow recommended spray schedule along with cultivation practices and canopy management for integrated disease and pest management. • Pruning o Depending on rainfall pattern, flowering is induced during June-July (mrig bahar), September-October (hasta bahar) and January-February (ambe bahar). Any one of these bahar can be selected and cultivation practices have to be modified accordingly. For example, Pune region in Maharashtra is prone to bacterial blight disease, therefore late ‘hast-bahar’ is preferred. o To achieve desired defoliation spray Ethephon @ 0.1% followed by pruning in second fortnight of September. o Flowering generally starts from the first fortnight of November. • Harvesting and post harvesting o Fruits become ready for harvesting about 180 days after full bloom. o Pomegranate being non-climacteric fruit should be picked when fully ripe. o At maturity it reaches TSS 15-16 °B with titratable acidity 0.50%. o The calyx at the distal end of the fruit gets closed on maturity. o Ripe fruits give a distinct sound of grains cracking inside when slightly pressed from outside. o At maturity fruits get suppressed on sides. Fruit colour may not be a good guide to decide maturity. o Pomegranate fruits should be graded on the basis of their weight, size and external (rind) colour.
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through KVKs, state departments and also institute visits, technical bulletin and VDO exhibiting land development activities at ICAR-NIASM.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Farmers having barren land with hard basaltic strata.
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Keyword for Technology	:	Abiotic stress, basalt rock, pomegranate, deficit irrigation, mulching, soil mixture 

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Evaluation of water saving techniques for fruits and vegetables in shallow soils of semi-arid region (IXX10721)
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	6-2015
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	5-2017
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Validation(YYYY)	:	0-2018
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	12-2019
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Farmer Type	:	'Marginal'
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Research Paper information..

1. Nangare D D, Yogeshwar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, S K Bal, J Rane and N P Singh (2017 ). Techniques to obviate drought and edaphic stresses in pomegranate grown on shallow basaltic soils of Deccan Plateau under limited water condition , Abstract published and paper presented in in the National Seminar cum exhibition fair on Pomegranate for health, growth and prosperity , -., -., NRCP, Solapur.

2. Nangare D D, Yogeshwar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, Pravin Taware and J. Rane. (2020 ). Evaluation of deficit irrigation strategy with mulch and bio-regulator for management of water stress, improving water productivity and quality of fruit crops in semi-arid region. , Souvenir of 54th Annual convention of ISAE and International symposium on ‘Artificial Intelligence based futute technologies in Agriculture’ , -., -., ISAE, New Delhi.

Popular Article Information..

1. Nangare D D, P. Suresh kumar, Singh Yogeshwar, Mahesh Kumar, Pravin Taware, P S Minhas and N P Singh (2019). Deficit irrigation as on-farm strategy for improving water productivity of horticulture crops grown under limited water in shallow basaltic terrain., Technology bulletin of ICAR-NIASM, Technical bulletin No 33, ICAR-NIASM. 25.

Books Chapter Information..

1. (2018). Training manual of ICAR sponsored summer school on ‘Climate change and abiotic stress management strategies for doubling farmer’s income’, 77-92. Deficit irrigation strategies for management of abiotic stresses in horticulture crops, , Yogeshwar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, NP Singh ICAR-NIASM, baramati.

2. (2019). Training manual of 21 days winter school on ‘Climate smart agricultural technologies for resource conservation and increasing farmer’s income”, 127-143. Deficit irrigation strategies for management of abiotic stresses in horticulture crops, , Mahesh Kumar, Kamlesh Kumar Meena, J. Rane ICAR-NIASM, Baramati.