General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201628730570552
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
Regional Station if any :	:	All Not Applicable {{regOb.orgName}},{{regOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Division name if any	:	Farm Management
Details of Inventors..
Principal Inventor	:	Pravin B Taware
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Senior Technical Officer (Farm)
Principal Inventor Email	:	pravin.taware@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra
Co-Inventor Name	:	DD Nangare, Mahesh Kumar, H Pathak
Co-Inventor Email	:	dd.nangare@icar.gov.in,mahesh.kumar6@icar.gov.in,hpathak.iari@gmail.com
Technology Name	:	Micro-blasting and soil-mix technique for pomegranate cultivation in abiotic-stressed basaltic terrain
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
A technology for establishment of pomegranate orchard on superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area has been developed and validated. In this technology, pits of 2 m x 1 m dimensions with 1 m depth are prepared with the help of excavator machine. As the rock is very hard, micro-blasting was done for cracking the bottom rock to prepare pits of 1 m depth. The pits are filled with soil mixture comprising native murrum soil with black soil in 1:1 proportion along with 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM) and 500 g single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizer. The pomegranate saplings are planted in the pits followed by watering. The standard canopy management practices are followed to achieve satisfactory development and fruiting of the plants during the subsequent years.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
In peninsular India, lands with superficially subdued basalt igneous rocks exist in large areas. These lands are porous, shallow and gravelly with low in organic matter, high bulk density and poor water retention capacity. In these shallow basaltic soils, low water retention and presence of hard rocks and murrum are the major constraints for establishment of pomegranate orchards. To overcome this situation micro-blasting at bottom of pits (2 m x 1 m) helps to develop cracks in the hard rock facilitating better root penetration and water conservation. Further native soil mixed with black soil in 1:1 proportion to fill these pits or trenches, results in good initial stand of plants due to enhanced moisture holding at root-zone. Simultaneously, mixture of black soil and native murrum proved as a good mitigation option to tackle drought and edaphic stresses in pomegranate.
Benefits/Utility	:
About 8% land of the country is rocky and barren. The technology provides an opportunity for the alternative planting methods under bedrock conditions and identifying economically advantageous planting method and soil amendments for pomegranate orchards. The standardised orchard establishment methods will benefit for mitigating edaphic and drought stress and increase in economic longevity of orchards grown on rocky and barren land.
Precaution With The Technology	:	Micro-blasting needs permissions from competent authorities and to be performed very carefully.
Time Of Application Use	:	At the time of planting
How To Use	:
• Making pits and trenches: Prepare the layout marking in fields as per spacing recommendations and dug pits with the help of excavator machine. If the rock is very hard, breaker may be used to achieve required depth. Final pit dimension to be maintained as 2 m x 1 m with depth of 1 m. Remove all the materials from pit and keep only fine material aside for filling mixture. • Micro-blasting: 3-4 micro-blast bores are placed at the bottom of the pit. Use low current to ignite micro-blasting. • Filling of pits: Pits so formed are to be filled with soil mixture. Mix native murrum soil with black soil in 1:1 proportion and fill in the pit along with 20 kg FYM and 500 g SSP. • Planting: Re-mark the layout and plant the saplings in the pits followed by immediate watering. • Variety: Variety Bhagawa, a heavy yielder possessing desirable fruit characters are grown. This variety matures in 180-190 days with average yield of about 30 kg fruits/tree. The fruits are large, sweet, bold with attractive arils, glossy and very attractive saffron coloured thick skin making it suitable for transportation. • Water and nutrient management o For water management drip irrigation system to be installed at canopy shadow periphery/boundary with four drippers with discharge of 4 L hr-1. o Irrigation water requirement should be decided on the basis of crop coefficient (Kc) and local PAN based rate of evapotranspiration (ETr). o Basal dose of fertilizers to be applied along with 20 kg FYM per plant at the time of pruning. Further nutrient requirements are met with soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation i.e., fertigation. • Pest and disease control o Clean cultivation to be followed in orchard to avoid diseases like fungal fruit rot, bacterial blight and pests like fruit borer. Remove diseased twigs and infected fruits should be burned outside the orchard. o Immediately after defoliation and pruning, carry out field floor sanitization by spraying sodium hypochlorite @ 2.5%. o Thorough spraying of Bordeaux mixture 1% on orchard after pruning is required. o Follow recommended spray schedule along with cultivation practices and canopy management for integrated disease and pest management. • Pruning o Depending on rainfall pattern, flowering is induced during June–July (mrig bahar), September–October (hasta bahar) and January–February (ambe bahar). Any one of these bahar can be selected and cultivation practices have to be modified accordingly. For example, Pune region in Maharashtra is prone to bacterial blight disease, therefore late ‘hast-bahar’ is preferred. o To achieve desired defoliation spray Ethephon @ 0.1% followed by pruning in second fortnight of September. o Flowering generally starts from the first fortnight of November. • Harvesting and post harvesting o Fruits become ready for harvesting about 180 days after full bloom. o Pomegranate being non-climacteric fruit should be picked when fully ripe. o At maturity it reaches TSS 15-16 °B with titratable acidity 0.50%. o The calyx at the distal end of the fruit gets closed on maturity. o Ripe fruits give a distinct sound of grains cracking inside when slightly pressed from outside. o At maturity fruits get suppressed on sides. Fruit colour may not be a good guide to decide maturity. o Pomegranate fruits should be graded on the basis of their weight, size and external (rind) colour.
Impact, If Adopted	:
The standardised orchard establishment methods will benefit for mitigating edaphic and drought stress and increase in economic longevity of orchards grown on rocky and barren land.
Social Impact	:
Increased land use, way towards food security and enhanced income.
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through KVKs, state departments and also institute visits, technical bulletin and VDO exhibiting land development activities at ICAR-NIASM.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Farmers having barren land with hard basaltic strata.
Others	:	Nil
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Keyword for Technology	:	Abiotic stress, basalt rock, pomegranate, micro-blasting, soil mixture

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Techniques to obviate the edaphic stress in horticulture crops (IXX10720)
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	7-2013
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	6-2021
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Validation(YYYY)	:	6-2018
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	6-2021
Country	:	India
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}} All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}} All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}} All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}} All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Farmer Details..
Farmer Land Holding Size	:	'Not Applicable'
Farmer Type	:	'Not Applicable'
Water Availability Status	:	Irrigated
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}} All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Technical Bulletin information..

1. Minhas PS, Bal SK, Suresh Kumar P, Yogeshwar Singh, Wakchurae GC, Gadge SV, Nangare DD, Taware and P.B (2015). Turning basaltic terrain into Model research farm: Chronicle description.., ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Mangement, Baramati, 08.

Popular Article Information..

1. Minhas PS, Yogeshwar Singh, DD Nangare and P Suresh Kumar (2015). Innovative methods…Establishing orchards in Shallow soils.., Indian Horticulture, Indian Horticulture. 5-8.

2. Singh Yogeshwar, P Suresh Kumar, DD Nangare, PS Minhas, Pravin Taware and NP Singh (2019). Innovative orchard establishment methods for obviating drought and edaphic stresses of orchards grown in shallow basaltic soils of semi-arid region.., Technology Bulletine of ICAR-NIASM, ICAR-NIASM. 5-5.

Books Chapter Information..

1. (2018). Techniques to Obviate Drought and Edaphic Stresses in Orchards Grown in Semi-Arid Regions of Western Maharashtra, 158-162. Training manual of ICAR sponsored summer school on ‘Climate change and abiotic stress management strategies for doubling farmer’s income’, , Singh Yogeshwar, DD Nangare, P Suresh Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, J Rane, NP Singh ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati.

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