General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201629536617536
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Details of Inventors..
Principal Inventor	:	Dr. Vijaysinha D. Kakade
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Scientist (Fruit Science)
Principal Inventor Email	:	Vijaysinha.kakade@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	Malegaon, Baramati ICAR NIASM, MIDC quarters
Co-Inventor Name	:	Yogeswar Singh, D.D. Nangare, Minhas, P.S, P Suresh Kumar, Pravin Taware, Sangram Chavan and H Pathak
Co-Inventor Email	:	yogeshwar.singh@icar.gov.in, dd.nangare@icar.gov.in, minhas_54@yahoo.co.in, psureshars@gmail.com, pravin.taware@icar.gov.in, sangram.bhanudas@icar.gov.in and hpathak.iari@gmail.com
Technology Name	:	Micro-blasting and soil-mix technique for guava cultivation in abiotic-stressed basaltic terrain
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
A technology for establishment of guava (Psidium guajava) orchard on basaltic terrain has been developed and validated. In this technology, pits of 2 x 1 x 1 m dimensions are prepared with the help of excavator machine. Further micro-blasting was also carried out considering the occurrence of hard plan in these lands to enhance the rooting depth. Because of low nutrient and water holding capacity of native soil, pits were filled with mixture of native murrum and black soil at 1:1 proportion along with 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM) and 500 g single super phosphate (SSP), as basal dose and planting of guava was done. Standard canopy management practices are followed to achieve satisfactory development and fruiting of the plants during the subsequent years. This technology has resulted in to achieving more than 18 and 22 t ha-1 yields without and with micro-blasting, respectively.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
Guava orchard has been established on land developed from barren and uncultivable terrain basalt rocks. It was porous, shallow in depth, gravelly, low in organic matter, high bulk density and poor water retention capacity in nature. Hence the planting of guava was done by improving the pit sites by digging pits of 2 x 1 x 1 m dimensions and also by further enhancing depth by micro blasting. These pits then filled with mixture of native murrum soil with black soil at 1:1 ratio and 20 kg FYM and 500 g SSP was mixed to each pit. Guava is medium rooting crop, hence performed well under these lands through modified pit having mixed soils as filling mixture. Modified pits gave opportunity for better development of roots under gravelly and murrum soils. Use of mixed soil resulted in to improved soil moisture hold; nutrient retention ultimately resulted in to good establishment of plants on abiotic stressed land. This technology has resulted in achieving more than 18 and 22 t ha-1 yields without and with micro-blasting, respectively.
Benefits/Utility	:
The technology provides an opportunity for establishing guava orchards on such lands and turning barren lands in to green. About 8% land of the country is rocky and barren. Thus, this technology provides opportunities of higher production of this fruit crop under different abiotic stresses such deficit water, shallow depth of soil and poor nutrient status.
How To Use	:
• Making pits: Prepare the layout marking in fields as per spacing recommendations and dug pits with the help of excavator machine. If the rock is very hard, breaker may be used to achieve required depth. Final pit dimension to be maintained as 2 x 1 x 1 m. Remove boulders from pit and keep only fine material aside for filling mixture. Further depth enhancement can be done through micro blasting with proper caution. • Micro-blasting: 2 micro-blast bores are placed at the bottom of the pit. Use low current to ignite micro-blasting. • Filling of pits: Filling of pits shall be done with mixture of native murrum and black soil. Additionally, well decomposed 20 kg FYM mixed to each pit and 500 g single super phosphate (SSP) as basal dose. Pits are then levelled and remarking of planting positions shall be done. • Planting: Planting of well hardened plants of guava at the remarked spots is done after receiving of 2-3 monsoon rains and or after ensured sufficient moisture availability. Soil around the plant shall be pressed properly to avoid formation of air pockets which is to be followed by immediate watering. • Variety: L-49 (Sardar) guava is prolific bearer, greenish yellow with milky white sweet pulp and rough surface having fairly thick peel, few soft seeds, and medium keeping quality and suitable for table purpose and yields about 25 t ha-1 was chosen for the experiment. • Water and nutrient management o For water management drip irrigation system to be installed at canopy shadow periphery/boundary with two drippers with discharge of 4 L hr-1. o Irrigation water requirement should be decided on the basis of crop coefficient (Kc) and local PAN based rate of evapotranspiration (ETr). o Basal dose of fertilizers to be applied along with 20 kg FYM per plant at the time of pruning. Further nutrient requirements are met through fertigation. • Pest and disease control o Fruit fly is one of the major pests in guava plantation; hence it is recommended to avoid fruits during rainy season. If one has to take fruiting during rainy season, integrated approach shall be followed to control this peat. This includes, summer ploughing, clean cultivation, installation of fruit fly traps @ 20-25 ha-1, sprays of insecticides (malathion 50 EC @ 2 ml L-1 and dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml L-1) during fruit growth. o Anthracnose characterised by small pin-head sized spots on the unripe fruits gradually enlarge to form sunken and circular, dark brown to black spots. Infected area of the unripe fruits becomes harder and corky. Spraying the trees with bordeaux mixture 0.6% or copper oxychloride 0.2% before the onset of monsoon reduces the disease incidence. • Pruning o There are three distinct flowering seasons with corresponding harvesting periods i.e., rainy, winter and spring. It is desirable to take only one crop in a year. Fruit development coincides with rainy season found to be affected by fruit fly, however higher yield is achieved during this season. Winter season fruiting results in to better quality fruits. Any one of these bahar can be selected and cultivation practices have to be modified accordingly. o As guava bears flowers on new shoots, pruning helps in achieving higher yield and crop regulation. Light annual pruning after harvesting to promote vegetative growth and flowering is desirable. All dead, diseased, crowded growth and suckers sprouting from the base and sides of the framework are pruned back annually. • Harvesting and post harvesting o Turning of colour from dark to light green can be used as maturity indices. o Guava fruits should not be harvested very early or late of maturity, as it will not taste good, if harvested very early and becomes susceptible to fruit fly damage, if harvested late. o Guava is a delicate fruit requiring careful handling during harvesting and transportation. It is perishable hence immediately need to be sent for sale to the market.
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through KVKs, state departments and also institute visits, technical bulletin and VDO exhibiting land development activities at ICAR-NIASM.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Farmers having barren land with hard basaltic strata.
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Keyword for Technology	:	Abiotic stress, basalt rock, guava, micro-blasting, soil mixture

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Techniques to obviate the edaphic stress in horticulture crops (IXX10720)
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	3-2013
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	5-2021
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	6-2021
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Water Availability Status	:	Irrigated
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Technical Bulletin information..

1. Minhas, P.S., Bal, S.K., Suresh Kumar, P., Yogeshwar Singh, Wakchurae, G.C., Gadge, S.V., Nangare, D.D. and Taware and P.B (2015). Turning basaltic terrain into Model research farm: Chronicle description., ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Mangement, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, Technical bulletin-8.

Popular Article Information..

1. Minhas PS, Yogeshwar Singh, DD Nangare and P. Suresh Kumar (2015). Innovative methods…Establishing orchards in Shallow soils., Indian Horticulture, ICAR. 5-8.

2. Minhas PS, Yogeshwar Singh, DD Nangare and P. Suresh Kumar (2015). Innovative methods…Establishing orchards in Shallow soils., Indian Horticulture, ICAR. 5-8.