General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201629540781386
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Division name if any	:	School of Soil Stress Management
Details of Inventors..
Principal Inventor	:	HARISHA CB
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Scientist
Principal Inventor Email	:	harisha.b@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra
Co-Inventor Name	:	Dr. D.D. Nangare, Dr. Pravin B Taware
Co-Inventor Email	:	dd.nangare@icar.gov.in,pravin.taware@icar.gov.in
Technology Name	:	Cultivating Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Shallow Basaltic Soil
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
A technology for establishment of perennial medicinal and aromatic species on superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area has been developed. In this technology, pits of 1 m x 1 m dimensions with 1 m depth are prepared with the help of excavator machine. As the rock is very hard, breaking the hard pan with stone breaker to loosen the lower portion of the pits. The pits are filled with soil mixture comprising native murrum soil with black soil in 1:1 proportion along with 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM). The various medicinal and aromatic species (climbers, trees, and shrubs) saplings are planted in the pits followed by watering. The standard canopy management practices are followed to achieve satisfactory development during the subsequent years.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
In peninsular India, lands with superficially subdued basalt igneous rocks exist in large areas. These lands are porous, shallow and gravelly with low in organic matter, high bulk density and poor water retention capacity. In these shallow basaltic soils, poor soil content, low water retention and presence of hard rocks and murrum are the major constraints for establishment of any plant species and also all species of plants can not perform well under this type of soil. To overcome this situation pit opening by stone breaker to develop loose substrata in the hard rock facilitating better root penetration. Further native soil devoid of stones mixed with black soil in 1:1 proportion to fill these pits, results in good initial stand of plants due to enhanced moisture holding at root-zone. Soil and water conservation measures such as mulching, half-moon shape bunds and In-situ water harvesting was also practiced. Tree species such as Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Putranjeeva roxburgaii, Ptreocarpus santalinus, Satalum album, Sapindus sp, Cassia sinuat, Gmelina arborea, Limonia acidissima, Swertania mahgoni, Terminalia sp. Aegle marmelos, Pongemiapinnata. Among small trees/shrubs Adathoda zylanica, Lawsonia inermis, Commiphora wightii, Eucalyptus globra, Premna integrifolia, Vitex nigundo and Carissa caronda establish better under this edaphic condition. The climbing plants such as Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre, Cissus quandrangularis, Abrus precatorius Jasminum sambac and J. grandiflorum are better in terms of growth pattern and establishment in soil and moisture stress conditions. These species are hardy and can grow better in shallow basaltic soil conditions.
Web Location/URL, if any	:	http://www.niam.res.in/sites/default/files/pdfs/31-Medicinal-handbook.pdf
Benefits/Utility	:
India has 6.4 million hectare of barren rocky land, which is unsuitable for cultivation of commercial crops due to poor soil conditions. The technology of utilization of barren and rocky basaltic soils for growing medicinal plants and establishing herbal garden which provides an opportunity for the conservation of dry land rare, endangered and threatened (RET) species. Half moon trenches will help for conserving soil moisture for successful establishment of tree plants. Proper pruning and training management practices and plant geometry also help for successful establishment of plant species and also identifying suitable plant species for shallow basaltic rocky lands. The standardised establishment methods will benefit for conservation of RET species, alternate land use and improvement in biodiversity of location by diverse plant species.
How To Use	:
Making pits: Prepare the layout marking in fields as per spacing recommendations and dug pits with the help of an excavator machine. If the rock is very hard, the breaker may be used to achieve the required depth. Final pit dimension to be maintained as 1 m x 1 m with a depth of 1 m. Remove all the materials from the pit and keep only fine material aside for filling the mixture. Filling of pits: Pits so formed are to be filled with soil mixture. Mix native murrum soil with black soil in 1:1 proportion and fill in the pit along with 20 kg FYM. • Planting: Re-mark the layout, bigger tress can be grown on 6 x 6 m spacing and smaller trees shrubs and climber can grow on 4 x 4 m spacing. Plant the saplings in the pits followed by immediate watering. Suitable plant species: Bigger trees: Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Putranjeeva roxburgaii, Ptreocarpus santalinus, Satalum album, Sapindus sp, Cassia sinuat, Gmelina arborea, Limonia acidissima, Swertania mahgoni, Terminalia sp. Aegle marmelos, Pongemia pinnata. Small trees/shrubs: Adathoda zylanica, Lawsonia inermis, Commiphora wightii, Eucalyptus globra, Premna integrifolia, Vitex nigundo and Carissa caronda Climbing plants: Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre, Cissus quandrangularis, Abrus precatorius Jasminum sambac and J. grandiflorum Water and nutrient management For water management drip irrigation system to be installed at canopy shadow periphery/boundary with two drippers with discharge of 8 L hr-1. Irrigation water requirement should be decided on the basis local PAN based rate of evapo-transpiration (ET). Blanket application of 20 g urea, 25 g of DAP and 15 g of MOP along with 15 kg FYM can be applied before initiation of monsoon and 50% of fertilizer dose can be applied after monsoon during October month. Further nutrient requirements are met with soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation i.e., fertigation. Crop mulching in a basin with weed and grass material to conserve soil moisture and also to control weeds. Half-moon shaped bunds constructed across the slope and also full moon bunds will hold and conserve the runoff. Training, Pruning and intercultural operations During the initial two-three years plants should be pruned to form a single stem to provide a better framework. Climbing plants should be trained on cemented poles provided with a square plates with holes to grow the climbing shoots. This enables maximum leaf area to expose to sunlight and also easy cultural operations. Climbing plants and shrubs can be pruned every year during spring season to ensure maximum flowering, foliage yield and also keep the canopy under optimum size for easy cultural operations Application of cut ends with a fungicide to prevent secondary infections
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through TV broadcast (DD Kisan), Social media (You tube), and also institute visits, technical bulletin and Technology folder at ICAR-NIASM.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	State forest department, collages, village panchayats and Farmers who is interested in afforestation with Rare Endangered and Threatened (RET) species of dry land and hardy medicinal and aromatic plants for conservation and utilization in a barren land with hard basaltic strata.
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Keyword for Technology	:	Abiotic stress, shallow soils, basalt rock, medicinal and aromatic species, Rare and endangered, conservation

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Establishment of model herbal garden for medicinal and aromatic plants
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	9-2018
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	9-2020
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Validation(YYYY)	:	8-2020
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	7-2021
Through Technology Transfer	:	YES
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}} All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Technical Bulletin information..

1. CB Harisha and NP Singh (2019). Hand Book of Dry Land Medicinal Plants., Director, ICAR-NIASM, 31.

Popular Article Information..

1. Harisha CB, Altaf Thummanakatti and Shankar Prasad KS (2020). Amritha- A Devine Herb of Backyards., Kerala Karshakan, Misnitry of Agricultutre, Govt of Kerala. 25-27.

2. Harisha CB, Singh NP and Meena KK and Nikam DM (2020). Ajwain- Miracle Spice of Dry Lands., Kerala Karshakan, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of Kerala. 31-34.

3. CB Harisha and SB Chavan and DD Nangare (2021). I ndian Linaloe- aromatic tree as an option for dry land regions., Van Sangyan, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, MP, India. 5-8.

Leaf Let Information..

1. CB Harisha, DD Nangare, Pravin B. Taware and Patwaru R. Chahande and NP Singh (2021). Model Medicinal and Aromatic Garden for Shallow Basaltic Lands. 48.

Digital Resource:

1. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants waste and dry lands, Video, DD kisan

		completeUpload1629879732_6.Medicinal plants for shallow basltic soils.pdf