General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201633497056286
Organization Details...
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name	:	{{orgOb.orgName}} ,{{orgOb.City}}
AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Details of Inventors..
Principal Inventor	:	Sangram Bhanudas Chavan
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Scientist
Principal Inventor Email	:	Sangram.Bhanudas@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra
Co-Inventor Name	:	Dr. D.D. Nangare, Dr. Pravin B Taware, Dr Aliza Pradhan Dr. P. Suresh Kumar, Dr. Vijaysinha Kakade, Sh. R.S. Gophane and Dr. H Pathak
Co-Inventor Email	:	dd.nangare@icar.gov.in,Pravin.taware@icar.gov.in,aliza.pradhan@icar.gov.in,uresh.Paramasivam@icar.gov.in,vijaysinha.kakade@icar.gov.in,Rushikesh.Gophane@icar.gov.in,hpathak.iari@gmail.com
Technology Name	:	Rehabilitation of Abiotic-stressed Basaltic Terrain with Aonla (Emblica officinalis)
Technology Details..
Major resource	:	All Not Applicable {{majorOb.majreName}}
Minor Subject Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorName}}
Minor Subject Sub Classification	:	All Not Applicable {{minorOb.minorsubName}}
Technology Group	:	All Not Applicable {{techgroup.tecg_group_name}}
Technology Related To	:	All Not Applicable {{techrela.tr_name}}
Complete Details of Technology:	:
Aonla (Emblica officinalis) or Indian gooseberry is indigenous plant of this country. India ranks first in the world in area and production of aonla. A technology for establishment of aonla orchard on superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area has been developed and validated. In this technology, pits of 1m×1m×1m dimensions are prepared with the help of breaker and excavator machine. As the planting site consists of a very hard basaltic rock, breaker and excavator machines used for cracking and digging the bottom substrate to get a depth of 1 m. The pits are filled with a potting mixture of native murrum soil and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with application of 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM), 250 g of nutrient mixture (consisting 100 g urea, 50 g single super phosphate and 100 g muriate of potash) fertilizers as basal dose. The grafted aonla saplings are planted in the pits followed by watering. The standard canopy and agronomic management practices are followed for development and fruiting of the plants during the subsequent years. Further, nutrient dose of 20 kg FYM and 250 g of nutrient mixture is applied during rainy season of each year.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
Rehabilitation of unproductive, degraded and barren lands with superficially subdued basalt igneous rocky area pose several challenges to establish plantation. These lands are porous, shallow, gravelly with thick intact hard patches, high bulk density, low organic matter and poor water retention capacity. To overcome this situation, a series of operations such as reaping, chaining and breaking with breaker were deployed to prepare land and digging of pits. The size of pit is 1m×1m×1m dimensions. Further, these excavated pits filled with potting mixture of native soil + SMS @ 1:1 proportion with 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM), 250 g of nutrient mixture (consisting 100 g urea, 50 g single super phosphate and 100 g muriate of potash) fertilizers as basal dose. The planting of NA-10 variety of aonla was done in the pit at spacing of 6 m × 6 m during September 2014. The drip irrigation was installed to make efficient use of available water. The fruit bearing of the trees started after 4 years of planting. The average yield of aonla is about 40-50 kg after six years of planting, it will be increasing with age. These techniques provided a suitable micro-site environment with enhanced moisture and nutrients that help to get better establishment of aonla plants in drought and edaphic stressed regions.
Benefits/Utility	:
Mitigation of edaphic and drought stress is essential to rehabilitate about 8% of rocky and barren lands in the country. Establishment of aonla fruit orchard on such land provides an opportunity for productive and economic use. The standardized orchard establishment methods will benefit towards mitigating edaphic and drought stress and increasing economic longevity of orchards grown on rocky and barren land.
How To Use	:
• Pit making: Prepare the layout marking with lime and bamboo pegs in fields as per spacing recommendations and pits should be dug with the help of an excavator machine. If the rock is very hard, breaker may be used to achieve required depth. Final pit dimension should be maintained as 1 m × 1 m with a depth of 1 m. All the debris from pit should be removed. However, only upper murrum type fine material should be aside for filling mixture. • Breaker: The hardy patch of planting site loosed with poklain breaker. • Filling of pits: The pits are filled with potting mixture of 1:1 comprising of native murrum soil and SMS with application of 20 kg farm yard manure (FYM), 250 g of Nutrient Mixture (consisting 1:1:1 of urea: single super phosphate and muriate of potash). • Planting: Re-mark the layout and plant the saplings in the center of pits followed by immediate watering. • Variety: Variety Narendra Aonla 10 (NA-10), a very hardy, deep-rooted, semi-tall and semi spreading type, ability to grow in wide climatic and edaphic conditions, profuse bearing, late maturity, heavy yielder possessing desirable fruit characters are grown. A mature tree of this variety gives average yield of about 80-100 kg fruits/tree. Fruits are attractive, yellowish-green with pinkish tinge, medium to large in size (35-40 g per fruit), flattened round in shape, flesh is whitish-green with high fibre content, juicy and highly astringent. The fruits are good in keeping quality, but susceptible to fruit necrosis. • Water and nutrient management o For water management drip irrigation system to be installed at periphery of tree root with two drippers with discharge of 8 L hr-1. The plants to be irrigated through drip system on alternate day with 4-6 hours a day. o Irrigation should be avoided during the flowering period of aonla. The basin of the plant should be covered with organic residue (straw husk, grasses and leaf litter) to conserve soil moisture and suppress weed growth. o Nutrient dose should be applied with 20 kg of FYM, 250 g mixture of NPK (100 g N; 50 g P & 100 g K) as basal dose to one year old tree. This dose should increase gradually up to 10 years for high and quality fruiting and should be maintained constantly or as per site conditions. o Further nutrient requirements are met with soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation i.e., fertigation. • Pest and disease control o Proper cleaning in the orchard avoids diseases like fungal fruit rot, bacterial blight and pests like bark caterpillar and fruit borer. Removed diseased twigs and infected fruits should be burned outside the orchard. o Sparing of Borax at 0.5% at 15 days interval during fruit development reduces fruit necrosis. o Foliar application of neem oil followed with broad-spectrum insecticides helps to reduce the infestation of stem borer. • Other cultural practices o Pruning is not recommended in aonla trees. However, young plants are to be trained to get single stem up to 0.75-1.00 m and to develop 4 to 6 primary spreading branches during establishment stage. o On a yearly basis, removal of dead, dying, diseased, broken, or overlapping branches removal is recommended after fruit harvesting. o Spraying of NAA @ 10 to 15 ppm helps retention of fruits in aonla. o Deciduousness and sparse canopy are ideal for intercropping of region-specific crops such as soybean, black gram, green gram in rainy and peas in the winter season. • Harvesting and post-harvesting o In Maharashtra, Flowering starts from February to March with emergence of new flush of flowering shoots. o Generally, fruits become ready for harvesting in October to November. o Aonla is non-climacteric fruit and should be picked when fully ripe. o At maturity it reaches TSS/acid ratio 6-7. o Maturity of aonla fruits can be decided by change in the fruit colour from greenish to whitish green or yellowish-green and change in seed colour from creamy white to brown. o After maturity, fruits may be stored up to 30 days on tree itself; whereas fruits treated with brine solution can be stored up to 70-75 days. o Commercially, fruits are processed as murraba, candy, pickle, juice and sherbet etc.
Technology Spread	:
The technology is disseminated through KVKs, state departments and also institute visits, technical bulletin and VDO exhibiting land development activities at ICAR-NIASM.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Farmers having barren land with hard basaltic strata.
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@niam.res.in,director.niasm@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	02112-254055
Fax Number	:	02112-254056
Address	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon, Baramati,Malegaon-413115
Alternate Contact..
Name	:	Sangram Chavan
Email	:	sangramc8@gmail.com
Phone No	:	9889038887
Keyword for Technology	:	Soil mixture, rehabilitation, basalt rock, aonla, edaphic stress

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Techniques to obviate the edaphic stress in horticulture crops (IXX10720)
Time of Initiation Technology Development	:	0-2014
Time of Completion Technology Development	:	0-2021
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management,Malegaon
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Validation(YYYY)	:	12-2020
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	5-2021
Country	:	India
Minimum Temperature	:	10.7
Maximum Temperature	:	39.8
Average Temperature	:	30.9
Average Rainfall	:	588

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
Zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zone.planningzoneName}}
Sub zone(As per the planning commission)	:	All Not Applicable {{zonesub.agroName}}, {{zonesub.Region}}
AgroEcological Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrozone.nbssaerName}}
AgroEcological Sub Zone(NBSS & LUP)	:	All Not Applicable {{agrosubzone.nbssaesrName}}
State Name	:	All Not Applicable {{state.stateName}}
District Name	:	All Not Applicable {{dist.distName}}
Water Availability Status	:	Irrigated
Soil Type/Resource Type..
Soil Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}} All Not Applicable {{soilorder.soilorderName}}
Soil Sub Order	:	All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilsuborder.soilsubName}}
Soil great group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreat.soilgreatName}}
Soil great sub group	:	All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}} All Not Applicable {{soilgreatsub.soilgreatsubName}}
Commodity Details..
Commodity	:	All Not Applicable {{commodity.commodityName}}
Commodity Type	:	All Not Applicable {{commoditytype.commoditytypeName}}
Commodity Name	:	All Not Applicable {{commodityname.commodityName}}

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Technical Bulletin information..

1. P. S. Minhas, S. K. Bal, P. Suresh Kumar, Yogeshwar Singh, G. C. Wakchaure, S. V. Ghadge, D. D. Nangare and Pravin Taware (2015). Turning Basaltic Terrain into Model Research Farm: Chronicle Description., ICAR-NIASM Malegaon, Not Available.

Popular Article Information..

1. Sonal jadhav, Vijaysinha Kakade and Sangram Chavan (2021). वनशेतीमध्ये आवाला लागवड (Aonla cultivation in Agroforestry)., Agrowon, Sakal group. 12.