General Part-1

Technology Code:-	:	201713952699665
Organization Details...
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AICRP name if any (AICRP)	:	All Not Applicable {{aicrpOb.aicrpName}}
Division name if any	:	Crop protection
Details of Inventors..
Principal Inventor	:	C.Sarathambal
Principal Inventor Designation:	:	Senior Scientist
Principal Inventor Email	:	C.Sarathambal@icar.gov.in
Principal Inventor Address	:	ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research Kozhikode 673 012
Co-Inventor Name	:	V Srinivasan,R Sivaranjani, M Alagupalamuthirsolai
Co-Inventor Email	:	Srinivasan.V@icar.gov.in,Sivaranjani.R@icar.gov.in,Alagu.M@icar.gov.in
Technology Name	:	Arbuscular mycorrhizae (IISR AM1) fortified nursery media for the production of healthy black pepper cuttings
Technology Details..
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Complete Details of Technology:	:
To enhance root development and plant growth characteristics, cultivating black pepper in nutrient-enriched nursery media with the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae has proven advantageous. Production method: • Nursery potting mixture is prepared with following constituents’ soil: farmyard manure: sand (2:1:1) ratio • The moistened nursery mixture is solarized to get rid of the soil borne plant pathogens. • The solarized nursery mixture is immediately mixed with the AM fungi, Rhizophagus irregularis (IISR AM1). • AM inoculum will be prepared with vermiculite as the carrier, containing 100 propagules of per gram of the inoculum in the form of spores (100-125 µm size), hyphae, and mycorrhizal roots. • For 100 kg potting mixture, one kg of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) will be added • Serpentine layering technique method may be used for multiplication of black pepper cuttings with enriched potting mixture in polythene bags • About 40-60 rooted cuttings can be produced from a single plant during a year, with roots colonized with the AM fungi. Incorporating AM fungi into nursery practices can be a sustainable and effective way to optimize plant growth and health, ultimately leading to more successful plant establishment in a field.
Brief Description of Technology Including Salient Features:
The black pepper cultivation process involves preparing a nursery mixture with a soil, farmyard manure, and sand (2:1:1) ratio. This mixture is solarized to eliminate pathogens, then combined with Arbuscular mycorrhizae Rhizophagus irregularis (AM fungi). The AM inoculum will be prepared with vermiculite as the carrier, contained 100 propagules of per gram of the inoculum in the form of spores, hyphae, and mycorrhizal roots. The nursery mixture combines with arbuscular mycorrhizae, for managing soil health, fostering mycorrhizal symbiosis, and facilitating the multiplication of healthy black pepper cuttings. The abundant mycorrhizal hyphae function as an extension of plant roots, aiding cuttings in absorbing increased water and minerals from the soil. This biostimulant is effective, practical, and readily applicable, providing black pepper cuttings with an early advantage to realize their full potential in field conditions.
Benefits/Utility	:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi offer several benefits when used in nursery settings: Improved nutrient uptake and plant growth: AM fungi symbiotically boost young black pepper cuttings for nutrient absorption, including phosphorus, and micronutrients. It can lead to promoting healthier and more robust seedlings Disease resistance: AM fungi can help protect plants from certain soil-borne pathogens (eg. Phytophthora capsici) by enhancing the plant's immune responses Soil health improvement: Mycorrhizal associations contribute to soil health by improving soil structure and increasing microbial diversity. This, in turn, benefits the overall nursery ecosystem. Transplant success: Using mycorrhizae during the nursery phase can prepare young black pepper cuttings for successful transplanting into plantations as they are already adapted to a mycorrhizal association.
TargetUsers/Stake holders	:	Nursery holders and Farmers
Technology Contact..
Name	:	Director
Email	:	director@spices.res.in,director.spices@icar.gov.in
Phone Number	:	0495-2730294
Fax Number	:	0495-2731187
Address	:	ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research,Marikunnu P.O.,Calicut-673012
Keyword for Technology	:	Arbuscular mycorrhizae,black pepper cuttings,Rhizophagus irregularis,growth

Technology Development Details Part-2

Project Details (Through which technology was developed)	:	Path XXVII (813) Development of microbial biostimulants for growth promotion and disease resistance in major spices
Technology Validated by	:	Within ICAR
Technology Validation Details..
Subject Matter Division	:	{{smdOb.smdName}}
Organization Name(if within ICAR)	:	ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research,Calicut
Organization Name(if outside ICAR,Please enter)	:
Year of Release/Adoption(YYYY)	:	12-2023

Applies To(Regional Differentiation)Inform Part-3

Location...
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Soil Type/Resource Type..
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Commodity Details..
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Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Publication Related To Technology Part-4

Research Paper information..

1. Sarathambal, C., R. Sivaranjani, V. Srinivasan, M. Alagupalamuthirsolai and K. P. Subila and B. Anamika. (2023 ). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, mineral nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities of black pepper cuttings , Journal of Plant Nutrition , 46., 10., Taylor&Francis.