Methane production, oxidation and mitigation: A mechanistic understanding and comprehensive evaluation of influencing factors.

Abstract

Methane is one of the critical greenhouse gases,which absorb longwavelength radiation, affects the chemistry of atmosphere and contributes to global climate change. Rice ecosystem is one of themajor anthropogenic sources of methane. The anaerobic waterlogged soil in rice field provides an ideal environment to methanogens for methanogenesis. However, the rate ofmethanogenesis differs according to rice cultivation regions due to a num- ber of biological, environmental and physical factors like carbon sources, pH, Eh, temperature etc. The interplay between the different conditions and factors may also convert the rice fields into sink from source temporarily. Mechanistic understanding and comprehensive evaluation of these variations and responsible factors are urgent- ly required for designing new mitigation options and evaluation of reported option in different climatic condi- tions. The objective of this review paper is to develop conclusive understanding on the methane production, oxidation, and emission and methane measurement techniques from rice field along with its mitigation/abate- ment mechanism to explore the possible reduction techniques from rice ecosystem.