KRISHI
ICAR RESEARCH DATA REPOSITORY FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
(An Institutional Publication and Data Inventory Repository)
"Not Available": Please do not remove the default option "Not Available" for the fields where metadata information is not available
"1001-01-01": Date not available or not applicable for filling metadata infromation
"1001-01-01": Date not available or not applicable for filling metadata infromation
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/38483
Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHIKASAVANUR-1 (4D4A3G2a) MICRO WATERSHED Shirahatti Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Chikkasavanur-1 (4D4A3G2a) Microwatershed, Shirahatti Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.38, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.93 & 31. |
Series/Report no.: | 38; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Chikkasavanur-1 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characterstics, classification and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 322 ha in Shirahatti taluk of Gadag district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought prone with an average annual rainfall of 633 mm of which about 363 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 165 mm during north-east and the remaining 105 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 96 per cent is covered by soils, 13 per cent is covered by rocky lands and two percent by mining/ industrial and other miscellaneous lands. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 7 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 4 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 150 days starting from the 3rd week of June to 1st week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 85 per cent area is suitable for agriculture and 15% is not suitable for agriculture. About 80 per cent of the soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm) to shallow (25-50 cm) and about 5 per cent are very deep (>150 cm) soils. About 59 per cent of the area has loamy soils at the surface and 26 per cent of the area has sandy soils at the surface. About 8 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils, 57 per cent gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel) and 20 per cent very gravelly (35- 60% gravel) soils. About 5 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) and 80 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) to very low (<50mm/m) in available water capacity. About 85 per cent area has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 24 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1) and 61 per cent moderately eroded (e2). An area of about 27 per cent has soils that are moderately alkaline (pH 7.8 to 8.4) and 19 per cent strongly to very strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to >9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of most of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm- 1indicating that the soils are non-saline. Except 5 per cent area where Ec is extremely high(>19 dsm-1). About 44 per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon and low (<0.5%) in about 41 per cent An area of about 62 per cent low (<23 kg/ha) and 22 per cent medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 73 per cent medium (145-337 kg/ha), low (<145 kg/ha) in 7 per cent and 4 per cent high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is medium (10-20 ppm) in about 54 per cent area and about 28 per cent area is high (>20 ppm). Available boron is low (0.5 ppm) in about 4 per cent area, medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 70 per cent area and high (>1.0 ppm) in 11 per cent area. Available iron is deficient in about 57 per cent area and sufficient in 27 per cent area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils. Available zinc is sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 6 per cent and deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 79 per cent area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 23 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 110 (34) Sapota - 17 (5) Maize - 110(34) Jackfruit - - Cotton - 110(34) Jamun - - Sunflower - 19(6) Musambi - - Onion - 110(34) Lime - - Groundnut - 135(42) Cashew - - Chilli - 110(34) Custard apple - 152(47) Sugarcane - - Amla - 161 (50) Pomegranate - 17 (5) Tamarind - 152(47) Tomato - 110(34) Marigold - 130 (40) Guava 17 (5) Chrysanthem um 130 (40) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 4 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fibre and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Chikasavanur-1 Microwatershed (Nilogal sub-watershed, Shirahatti taluk, Gadag district) is located in between 1505’ – 1507’ North latitudes and 75035’ – 75037’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 322 ha, bounded by Devihal, Nadigatti, Madki Khanapur, Bikonatti, Nadigatti villages with length of growing period (LGP) 150-180 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Chikasavanur-1 Microwatershed (Nilogal sub-watershed, Shirahatti taluk, Gadag district) are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 49.0 to 51.0 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 57.2 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 79.6 per cent. Social groups belong to other backward caste is around 80 per cent. Fire wood is the source of energy for a cooking among 90 per cent. About 30 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. Majority of farm households (70 %) are having MGNREGA card for rural employment. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 60 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 66.7 per cent of sample households. Women participation in decisions making are around 60 per cent of households were found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.58 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal and small farmers. The dry land of 51.7 % and irrigated land 48.3 % of total cultivated land area among the sample farmers. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation among 51 per cent and agriculture is the main and agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 32.6 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 20410 per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication. The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 102241 per household, about 31.0 per cent of sample farmers having plough and sprayer (38.1 %). The average value of livestock is around Rs. 26600 per household; about 52.8 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 832.9 grams (1700.8 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 70 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs.28389 per household. About 90 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita average monthly expenditure is around Rs.1205. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs.834 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 357009 per year for the total area of 451.5 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 10000/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in red gram (Rs. 35094) followed by onion (Rs. 14993) horse gram (Rs. 10499), chillies (Rs. 9535). The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs. 2924/ ha/year. Per hectare fodder production services is maximum in maize (Rs. 5582) followed by green gram (Rs. 2371) and horse gram (Rs. 2075). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in redgram (Rs. 67515), cotton (Rs. 59710), greengram (Rs. 42645), maize (Rs. 33853), onion (Rs. 28068), horse gram (Rs. 22808) and chillies (Rs. 12189). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is maize (66.8 %) followed by onion (11.3 %), redgram (6.3 %), cotton (5.3 %), greengram (5.3 %), horse gram (2.7 %) and chillies (2.6%). 3 In Chikasavanur-1 micro-watershed, major soil is Chikkasavanur (CSR) series is having shallow soil depth cover around 33.9 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing chillies (15.9 %), maize (49 %) and onion (35.1 %). Kutegoudanahundi (KGH) are also having moderately shallow soil depth cover 33.92 % of area, the crops are cotton (31.3 %), maize (31.3 %) and red gram (37.4 %) each. Mukhadahalli (MKH) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 6.8 % of areas; crops are green gram (30.0 %), horse gram (30%) and maize (39.9 %). Tammadahalli (TDH) soil series having moderately shallow soil depth cover around 5.87 % of area, crops are maize (94.8 %) and onion (5.2 %). Chikka Tanda (CKT) soil series having very deep soil depth cover around 5.40 % of area; crop is maize. The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for maize range between Rs.99160 in CKT soils (with BCR of 0.87) and Rs.19389 in TDH soil (with BCR of 1.24). In onion the cost of cultivation range between Rs. 76776 in CSR soil (with BCR of 1.16) and Rs.74926 in TDH soil (with BCR of 1.25). In red gram the cost of cultivation in KGH soil is Rs.28154 (with BCR of 2.25). In green gram the cost of cultivation in MKH soil is Rs.33961 with (BCR of 0.89). In horse gram the cost of cultivation in MKH soil is Rs.33961 (with BCR of 1.37) and chillies the cost of cultivation in CSR soil is Rs.105320 (with BCR of 1.09). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications are deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. 4 By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in chillies (88.3 %), onion (57.8 %), maize (42.8 to 80.8 %), horse gram (24.1 %) and green gram (27.7 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.93 & 31. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/38483 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
38.Chikasavanur-1 (4D4A3G2a).pdf | 13.32 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in KRISHI are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.