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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-07-29T09:21:35Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-07-29T09:21:35Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Madhrai (4D5B4H2d) Microwatershed, Sedam Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.92, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.87 & 29. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/38490 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Madhrai Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 632 ha in Sedam taluk of Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 839 mm, of which about 639 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 109 mm during north-east and the remaining 91 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 591 ha (93%) in the microwatershed is covered by soils, about 33 ha (5%) by a stone quarry and about 9 ha (1%) by others (habitation and water bodies). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 5 soil series and 7 soil phases (management units), and 4 land use class. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 2nd week of June to 3rd week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 94 percent of area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 36 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are shallow (25-50 cm) to moderately shallow (50-75 cm) and about 57 per cent soils are moderately deep (75-100 cm) to very deep (>150 cm) in soil depth. About 93 per cent area of the microwatershed has clayey soils at the surface. About 93 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are non gravelly (<15% gravel). About 25 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m), 27 per cent is medium (101-150 mm/m) and 41 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 93 per cent area of the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 76 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1) and 17 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded. An area of about 19 per cent is slightly (pH 7.3-7.8) alkaline, 69 per cent soils are moderately (pH 7.8-8.4) alkaline and 6 per cent soils are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4- 9.0)in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in 11 per cent area is <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non-saline and low (2-4 dSm-1) in 83 per cent area of the microwatershed. About 93 per cent soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon content. About 93 per cent of the soil are low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 93 per cent of the soil are high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 28 per cent, medium (10 - 20 ppm) in 50 per cent and high (>20 ppm) in 15 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (0.5 ppm) in an area of about 93 per cent and medium (0.5- 1.0 ppm) in <1 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 77 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 16 per cent of soils in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 19 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Madhrai micro-watershed (Mudhol sub-watershed, Sedam taluk, Gulbarga district) is located in between 1705’–1707’ North latitudes and 77020’–77021’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 632.04 ha, bounded by Adki, Madhwar, Imdapur and Bidharcheda villages with length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Madhrai micro-watershed (Mudhol subwatershed, Sedam taluk, Gulbarga district) are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 45.5 to 54.5 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 61.3 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 63.6 per cent. Social groups belong to other backward caste (OBC) is around 50.0 per cent. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the source of energy for a cooking among 70.0 per cent. Only 10.0 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. About 40.0 percent of farm households are having MGNREGA card for rural employment. Dependence on ration cards for food grain through public distribution system is around 90.0 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities having 30.0 percent of sample households. Institutional participation is only 2.3 per cent of sample households. Women participation in decisions making are around 60 per cent of households were found. 2 Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.6 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belonging to small and medium farmers. The dry land is total cultivated land area among the sample farmers. Agriculture is the main occupation among 56.8 per cent and Agriculture is the main and non agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 29.5 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs.12976 per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication. The average value of farm assets is around Rs.6127 per household, about 80.0 per cent of sample farmers having weeder and plough (70.0 %). The average livestock value is around Rs.21666 per household; about 40.0 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 859.6 grams (1965.4 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 50.0 per cent of sample farmers are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs.60051 per household. About 40 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs.1898 per households. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs.562 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs.331689 per year for the total area of 476.20 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs 4377/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in redgram (Rs. 23855), sorghum (Rs. 6358) and groundnut is negative return. The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs 23/ ha/year in redgram. The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in redgram (Rs.64663), sorghum (Rs.35850) and groundnut (Rs. 16897). 3 Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is redgram (92.4%) followed by sorghum (4.8 %) and groundnut (2.8 %). In Madhrai micro-watershed, major soil is of Adki (ADK) series is having shallow soil depth cover around 24.7 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing redgram. Tonsanhalli (THN) Soils having moderately shallow soil depth cover 11.3 % of area, the crops are redgram. Dandothi (DDT) soil series having very deep soil depth cover around 33.9% of areas, main crops are redgram. Dargah (DRG) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 7.5 % of area, the major crops grown are groundnut (14.0%), redgram (61.8%) and sorghum (24.2 %). The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area Redgram ranges between Rs.31979/ha in TNH soil (with BCR of 1.66) and Rs.18930/ha in ADK soil (with BCR of 2.82). In groundnut the cost of cultivation in DRG soil is Rs.41377/ha (with BCR of 0.59) and sorghum the cost of cultivation in DRG soil is Rs 17166/ha (with BCR of 1.37). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications are deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in redgram (22.8 %), groundnut (64.4%) and sorghum (58.1 %). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 92; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MADHRAI (4D5B4H2d) MICROWATERSHED Sedam Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.87 & 29. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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92.Madhrai (4D5B4H2d).pdf | 15.04 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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