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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT GUNDAGURTI (4D5B3L2e) MICROWATERSHED Chitapur Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Gundagurti (4D5B3L2e) Microwatershed, Chitapur Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.78, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.85 & 28 |
Series/Report no.: | 78; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Gundagurti Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 431 ha in Chitapur taluk of Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 762 mm, of which about 571 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 99 mm during north-east and the remaining 92 mm during the rest of the year. Entire area of the microwatershed is covered by soils. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 3 soil series and 6 soil phases (management units) and 2 Land Use Classes. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 2rd week of June to 3rd week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 19 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. An area of about 365 ha (85%) the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture and 35 ha (8%) not suitablefor agriculture, but suited for other alternative use. An area of about 364 ha (85%) in the microwatershed has soils that are very deep (>150 cm) to deep (100-150 cm) and very shallow soils (<25 cm) cover 35 ha (8%) area. Entire area of about 400 ha (93%) of the microwatershed has clayey soils at the surface. All the soils in the microwatershed are non gravelly An area of about 8 per cent very low (<50 mm/m) and an area of 85 per cent has very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 93 per cent of the area has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 43 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1), 49 per cent moderately eroded (e2) and 1 per cent severely eroded (e3). An area of about 62 per cent soils that are moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4), 27per cent area have strongly alkaline (pH 8.4-9.0) and 3 per cent area having slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-7.8) soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. An area about 4 per cent of the soils are low (<0.5%), 78 per cent area of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%), and 10 per cent sols are high (>0.75) in organic carbon. About 87 per cent of the area is low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus and 6 per cent area is medium (23-57 kg/ha). About 3 per cent of the soils are low (<145 kg/ha) and medium (145-337 kg/ha) in 90 per cent area in available potassium. Available sulphur is medium (10 -20 ppm) in an area of about 49 per cent and low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 44 per cent Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in maximum area about 63 per cent area, medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 25 per cent area and high (>1 ppm) in 4 per cent area. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 88 per cent area and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in 5 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 92 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 1 per cent of soils of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 19 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 185 (43) 180(42) Sapota - 365(85) Maize - - Jackfruit - - Redgram - 365(85) Jamun - 365(85) Sunflower 185 (43) 180(42) Musambi 365(85) - Cotton 185 (43) 180(42) Lime 365(85) - Sugarcane - - Cashew - - Soybean 185 (43) 180(42) Custard apple 365(85) - Bengal gram 365(85) - Amla 365(85) - Guava - 365(85) Tamarind - 365(85) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the two identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fiber and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the income but also provide fodder and fuel, generate lot of biomass, thus helping in maintaining an ecological balance and also in mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Gundagurthi micro-watershed (Invi sub-watershed, Chitapur taluk, Gulbarga district) is located in between 17013’ – 17015’ North latitudes and 7702’ – 7705’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 431 ha, bounded by Mopti, Mattimadu, Tengli and Invi villages with length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for Gundagurthi micro-watershed (Invi subwatershed, Chitapur taluk, Gulbarga district) are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 50 to 50 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 59 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 64 per cent. Social groups belong to scheduled caste (SC) is around 20 per cent. Fire wood is the source of energy for a cooking among 10 per cent. About 30 per cent of households have a Bhima and Yashaswini health card. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 80 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 20 per cent of sample households. Institutional participation is only 4 per cent of sample households. Women participation in decisions making for agriculture production among all households was found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 0.93 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal farmers. The total cultivated by dry land condition among the sample farmers. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation among 24 per cent and agriculture is the main and agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 64 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 83793 per household. Mobile and television are mass popular mass communication media. The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 7760 per household, about 20 per cent of sample farmers owen plough and sprayer (10 %). The average livestock value is around Rs. 34429 per household; about 50 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 1015.9 grams (2207.6 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 10 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs. 22008 per household. Among all sample farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs. 3434. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 829 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 329108 per year for the total area of 431.12 ha. The ecosystem service per hectare food grain production services is maximum in red gram (Rs.12292). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in red gram (Rs. 59120) Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is red gram (100 %) In Gundagurthi micro-watershed, major soil are alluvial landscape of Dhandothi (DDT) series is having Very deep soil depth cover around 71.31 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram and Dargah (DRG) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 13.32 % of areas, crops are red gram. The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for red gram ranges between Rs. 46962/ha in DRG soil (with BCR of 0.97) and Rs. 28480/ha in DDT soil (with BCR of 1.60). 3 The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in red gram (6.6 to 12.5 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.85 & 28. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40151 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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78.Gundagurti (4D5B3L2e).pdf | 12.28 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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