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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SAIDAPUR (4D5B1R1c) MICROWATERSHED Sydhapur Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019), “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Saidapur (4D5B1R1c) Microwatershed, Sydhapura Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.182, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. P.107 & 28 |
Series/Report no.: | 182; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Saidapur Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 564 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 517 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 8 ha by rock outcrops and about 38 ha by others (habitation and water bodies). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 8 soil series and 18 soil phases (management units) and 4 land use class. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 26 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 76 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep to very deep (75 - >150 cm) and 16 per cent soils are shallow to moderately shallow (25-75 cm). About 4 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 32 per cent loamy soils and 56 per cent clayey soils at the surface. About 91 per cent area of the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%) and 1 per cent is gravelly (15-35%) at the surface. About 36 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 42 per cent is medium (101-150 mm/m), 6 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) and 8 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Entire area in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 86 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded and 6 per cent area is severely (e3) eroded. An area of about 9 per cent soils are neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction, 67 per cent soil are slightly to moderately alkaline (pH 7.3-8.4) and 16 per cent soils are strongly alkaline (8.4 - 9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire area of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are nonsaline. About 4 per cent of the soils are low (<0.5%) in organic carbon, 27 per cent medium (0.5-0.75%) and 61 per cent high (>0.75). About 31 per cent area is low in available phosphorus, 45 per cent area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 16 per cent is high (>57 kg/ha). About 2 per cent area is low (<145 kg/ha) in available potassium, 58 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) and 32 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 51 per cent and medium (10 -20 ppm) in 41 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of about 15 per cent, medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in an area of 60 per cent and high (>1.0 ppm) in 17 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 86 per cent area and sufficient in 6 per cent area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 26 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 472(84) Sapota - - Maize - 32(6) Pomegranate - 429(76) Bajra - 461(82) Musambi - 429(76) Groundnut - 31(5) Lime - 429(76) Sunflower - 429(76) Amla - 472(84) Redgram - 429(76) Cashew - - Bengal gram 12(2) 460(82) Jackfruit - - Cotton 12(2) 460(82) Jamun - 203(36) Chilli - 461(82) Custard apple - 472(84) Tomato - 32(6) Tamarind - 203(36) Drumstick - 429(76) Mulberry - - Mango - 12(2) Marigold - 472(84) Guava - - Chrysanthemum - 472(84) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Saidapur micro-watershed (Yadgir taluk and district) is located in between 16033’ – 16034’ North latitudes and 770 15’ – 76016’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 563.89 ha, bounded by Kanikal, Kudlura, Ramapura and Sydhapura villages with length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Saidapur micro-watershed in Yadgir taluk and district are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 57.06 to 42.94 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age group 18 to 50 of population is around 57.1 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 51.5 per cent. Social groups belong to other backward caste (OBC) are around 48.4 per cent. Fire wood is the source of energy for a cooking among all sample households. About 22.6 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. About 16.1 per cent farm households having MGNREGA card for rural employment. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 83.9 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 19.4 per cent of sample households. Women participation in decisions making are around 77 per cent of households were found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.91ha indicates that majority of farm households are belonging to marginal and small farmers. The account for dry land of 56.7 ha among the total cultivated land among the sample households. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation is only 0.6 per cent and agriculture is the main and non agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 65.0 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs.82233per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication. The average value of farm assets is around Rs.179881 per household, about 29.0 per cent of sample farmers are owing plough. The average value of livestock is around Rs.25152 per household; about 22.58 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 1020.22 grams (2216.39 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition recommendation at 827 gram. Around 23 per cent of sample households are consuming more than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs. 41470 per household. About 90.3 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs.2706. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. Rs.9890/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in ground nut (Rs.20268) followed by cotton (Rs.11313), green gram (Rs.9112), red gram (Rs.7599), paddy (Rs.9112) and maize (Rs.5435). The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs.676/ ha/year. Per hectare fodder production services is maximum in groundnut (Rs. 1029) followed by paddy (Rs.823) and maize (Rs.176). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The value of per hector water used was maximum (Table 26 and Figure 11) in green gram (Rs.69084) followed by red gram (Rs.59505), cotton (Rs.42991), paddy (Rs. 34436), maize (Rs. 26342) and groundnut (Rs.22905). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is red gram (58.6 %) followed by cotton (15.4 %), maize (13.0%), green gram (7.1%), groundnut (3.9 %) and paddy (1.9 %). The total cost of cultivation in study area for cotton ranges between Rs.42960/ha in small farmers (with BCR of 1.18) and Rs.21800/ha in semi medium farmers (with BCR of 1.44) 3 In Green gram the cost of cultivation range between Rs.35897/ha in marginal farmers (with BCR of 1.04) and Rs.30209/ha in semi medium farmers (with BCR of 1.37) In red gram cost of cultivation range between Rs.43673/ha in marginal farmers (with BCR of 1.21) and Rs.11725/ha in medium farmers (with BCR of 1.31), In maize the cost of cultivation range between is Rs.27940/ha in marginal farmers (with BCR of 1.80) and Rs.26033/ha in semi medium farmers (with BCR of 1.44) In paddy the cost of cultivation is Rs.17985/ha in semi medium farmers (with BCR of 1.37). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soils to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthening institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthening agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in cotton (27.7 to 38.7 %), maize (60.4 to 87.4 %), paddy (64.9 %), and red gram (19.7 to 36.4 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | P.107 & 28. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40175 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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182. Saidhapur (4D5B1R1c).pdf | 18.52 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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