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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHIK HANGARGI-3 (4D5A3Q2d) MICROWATERSHED Jewargi Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Chik hangargi-3 (4D5A3Q2d) Microwatershed, Jewargi Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.95, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.77 & 29. |
Series/Report no.: | 95; |
Abstract/Description: | The Crop resource inventory of Chik Hangargi-3 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behaviour and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 561 ha in Chik Hangargi-3 microwatershed in Jewargi taluk of Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 751 mm, of which about 538 mm is received during south–west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 75 mm during the rest of the year. 98 per cent area is covered by soils and 2 per cent is by habitation and waterbodies. The salient findings from the Crop resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 5 soil series and 14 soil phases (management units) and 4 Crop use classes. The length of Crop growing period is about 150 days starting from the 1st week of June to 1st week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like Crop capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Crop suitability for growing 19 major agricultural and horticultural Crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with the constraints were generated. 98 per cent area is suitable for agriculture and 2 per cent is not suitable. About 42 per cent of the soils are very deep (>150 cm) and 29 per cent is deep (100- 150 cm), 1 per cent is moderately deep (75-100 cm), 19 per cent is shallow (25-50 cm) and 6 per cent are very shallow (<25cm) soils. An area of 93 per cent in the microwatershed has clayey soils at the surface and about 5 per cent loamy at the surface. About 79 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (<15%) and 19 per cent are gravelly (15-35%) soils. About 42 per cent of the area has soils that are very high (>200mm/m) and 30 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 19 per cent low (50-100 mm/m) and very low (<50 mm/m) in 6 per cent area. About 78 per cent of the area has very gently sloping (1-3%) Crops and 20 per cent nearly level (0-1%) Crops. An area of about 50 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1), 48 per cent moderately eroded (e2) soils. An area of about 77 per cent has soils that are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4-9.0) and 20 per cent very strongly alkaline (>9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dS m-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 285 ha (51%) area is low (<0.5%) in organic carbon and medium (0.5-0.75%) in about 264 ha (47%) in organic carbon. Major area of 98 per cent has soils that are low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 87 per cent high (>337 kg/ha) and 11 per cent medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is medium (10-20 ppm) in 38 per cent, 50 per cent high (>20 ppm) and 10 per cent low (<10). Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in about 11 per cent area, medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in about 79 per cent area and high (>1.0 ppm) in about 7%. Major area is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) and 3 per cent is deficient (<4.5ppm) in available iron. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils. Entire area is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in available zinc. The Crop suitability for 19 major Crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various Crops but what specific Crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Crop suitability for various Crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 406 (72) - Guava - 238 (42) Maize - - Jackfruit - - Red gram - 406 (72) Jamun - 402 (71) Soybean 242 (43) 164 (29) Musambi 402 (71) 4 (1) Bengalgram 406 (72) 107 (19) Lime 402 (71) 4 (1) Sunflower 406 (72) - Cashew - - Cotton 402 (71) 4 (1) Custard apple 406 (72) - Sugarcane - - Amla 406 (72) - Mango - - Tamarind - 402 (71) Sapota - 238 (42) Apart from the individual Crop suitability, a proposed Crop plan has been prepared for the 4 identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable Crops for different Crops and Cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture Crops that helps in maintaining the productivity and ecological balance in the microwatershed. Maintaining soil-health is vital to Crop production and conserve soil and Crop resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc. Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal Crops, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges that would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass.This would help in maintaining ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Chick Hangargi-3 Microwatershed (Chick Hangargi sub-watershed, Jewargi taluk, and Gulbarga district) is located in between 16047’ – 16049’ North latitudes and 76032’ – 76034’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 561.33 ha, bounded by Sumbada village with length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for Chick Hangargi-3 micro-watershed, (Chick Hangargi sub-watershed, Jewargi taluk, and Gulbarga district) are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 54.9 to 45.1 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 47.1 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 64.7 per cent. Social groups belong to other backward caste (OBC) among the sample households. Fire wood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the source of energy for a cooking among 90 per cent. About 40 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. Majority of farm households (20 %) are having MGNREGA card for rural employment. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system among the all sample households. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities among the all sample households. Women participation in decisions making in agriculture production of households were found. 2 Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1 .7 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to small and medium farmers. The total cultivated land by dry land condition among the sample farmers. Agriculture is the main occupation among 62.8 per cent and agriculture as a main and agriculture labour is a subsidiary occupation is 35.2 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 16445 per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication. The average value of livestock is around Rs. 14750 per household; about 67 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 842.1 grams (211.9 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 80 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs. 30968 per household. About 80.0 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita average monthly expenditure is around Rs. 1850. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 586 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 321621 per year for the total area of 549 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 8692/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in cotton (Rs 15737) followed by red gram (Rs. 9993) and green gram (Rs. 346). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in red gram (Rs. 65777) followed by cotton (Rs. 52738) and greengram (Rs. 39669). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is cotton (51.5 %) followed by red gram (44.9 %) and green gram (3.6%). In Chick Hangargi-3 micro-watershed, major soils are of Marguti (MGT) series is having very shallow soil depth cover around 6.45 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing cotton (77 %) and red gram (23 %). Novinihala (NHA) are having shallow soil depth cover 19.04 % of area, the crops are red 3 gram, Dimal (DIM) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 29.22 % of area, crops grown are cotton (36 %) and redgram (64 %), Mannur (MAR) soil series having very deep soil depth cover around 42.33 % of area, crops grown are cotton (62 %), green gram (16 %) and red gram (22 %). The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for cotton range between Rs. 52418/ha in DIM soil (with BCR of 1.13) and Rs 41561/ha in MGT soil (with BCR of 1.43). In redgram the cost of cultivation range between Rs. 42881/ha in MAR soil (with BCR of 1.09) and Rs 36388/ha in DIM soil (with BCR of 1.39). In greengram the cost of cultivation in MAR soil Rs 28949/ha (with BCR of 1.01). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in cotton (32.0 to 19.3 %) and green gram (32.7 %) and red gram (4.3 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.77 & 29. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40221 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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95.Chik Hangargi-3 (4D5A3Q2d).pdf | 11.17 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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