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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MUGANAHUNSE (4B3D3N2a) MICROWATERSHED Gubbi Taluk, Tumkur District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Muganahunse (4B3D3N2a) Microwatershed, Gubbi Taluk, Tumkur District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.112 ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.99& 30. |
Series/Report no.: | 112; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Muganahunse Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characterstics, classification and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 583 ha in Gubbi taluk of Tumakuru district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought prone with an average annual rainfall of 813 mm of which about 466 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 196 mm during north-east and the remaining 151 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 95 per cent is covered by soils, five per cent by others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 9 soil series and 16 soil phases (management units) and 5 land use classes. The length of crop growing period is about 150 days starting from 3rd week of June to third week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 10 per cent soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm) and 84 per cent of the soils are moderately deep (75-100 cm) to very deep (>150 cm), . About 19 per cent of the area has clayey soils at the surface and 76 per cent loamy soils. About 79 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils and 16 per cent gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel). About 9 per cent has soils that are very low (<50mm/m), 46 per cent are low (51- 100 mm/m), 36 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) and a small area of 4 per cent has very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 20 per cent of the area has nearly level (0-1%) and 75 per cent very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 87 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1) and 8 per cent moderately eroded (e2). Maximum area of about 56 per cent has soils that are slightly acidic to strongly acid (pH 5.0-6.5), 31 per cent area has neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) and 8 per cent slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 7.8) to strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 54 per cent of the soils are low (<0.5%) and 40 per cent soils are medium (0.5-0.75%). About 95 per cent area is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 75 per cent medium (145-337 kg/ha) and 20 per cent of the soils are high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is medium (10 -20 ppm) in entire area. Available boron is low (0.5 ppm) in an area of about 91 per cent and medium (0.5- 1.0 ppm) in 3 per cent area. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in entire area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 17 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 78 per cent of soils of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 33 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 179 (31) 240 (41) Guava 155 (27) 173 (30) Fodder Sorghum 179 (31) 240 (41) Pomegranate 179 (31) 178 (31) Maize 155 (27) 235 (40) Banana 179 (31) 178 (31) Upland paddy 303 (52) 168 (29) Jackfruit 179 (31) 149 (26) Finger millet 179 (31) 216 (34) Jamun 109 (19) 125 (21) Redgram 179 (31) 240 (41) Musambi 179 (31) 178 (31) Horse gram 303 (52) 249(43) Lime 179 (31) 178 (31) Field bean 179 (31) 240 (41) Cashew 155 (27) 147 (25) Cowpea 179 (31) 240 (41) Custard apple 303 (52 ) 249(43) Groundnut 279 (48) 194 (33) Amla 303 (52 ) 249 (43) Sunflower 179 (31) 178 (31) Tamarind 152 (26) 82 (14) Onion 179 (31) 240 (41) Marigold 303 (52) 198 (34) Chilli 303 (52) 117 (20) Chrysanthemum 303 (52) 198 (34) Brinjal 303 (52) 117 (20) Jasmine 303 (52) 198 (34) Tomato 303 (52) 117 (20) Coconut 279 (48) 112 (19) Mango 109 (19) 96 (16) Arecanut 279 (48) 112 (19) Sapota 179 (31) 149 (26) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 5 identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fibre and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges that would help in supplementing the income, provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass. This helps in maintaining an ecological balance and also helps in mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Muganahunse micro-watershed (Bangihalli sub-watershed, Gubbi taluk, Tumkur district) is located in between 13024’ – 13026’ North latitudes and 76051’ – 76054’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 583.03 ha, bounded by Sanabanahalli, Maranahalli, Madhenahalli and Pinnenahalli villages with length of growing period(LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Muganahunse micro-watershed (Bangihalli sub-watershed, Gubbi taluk, Tumkur district) are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 41.2 to 58.8 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 58.8 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 84.3 per cent. Social groups belong to other backward caste is around 90 per cent. Liquefied petroleum gas is source of energy for a cooking among all the sample households. About 50 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. About 20 per cent of households are having MGNREGA card for rural employment. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 80 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 80 per cent. Women participation in decisions making are agriculture related activities among all households were found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.3 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to medium and semi-medium farmers. The rainfed land account for 17.2 % and irrigated land is 82.8 % of total cultivated land of the sample farmers. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation among 35.2 per cent and agriculture is the main and agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 31.4 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 15709 per household. Mobile and television are popular mass media communication. The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 79912 per household; about 90 per cent of sample farmers are having plough. The average value of livestock is around Rs 23333 per household; about 92 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 699.5 grams (1474 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 70 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs 94332 per household. About 50 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs 1055. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 372 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 205828 per year for the total area of 583.03 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grains production is around Rs. 82661 ha/year. Per hectare food grains production services is maximum in mango (Rs. 160443) followed by areca nut (Rs. 115765), coconut (Rs. 51611) and ragi (Rs. 2826). The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs. 1235/ ha/year in ragi. The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in coconut (Rs. 219421) followed by mango (Rs. 88920), ragi (Rs. 9055) and areca nut (Rs. 5818). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is coconut (57.4 %) followed by areca nut (24.3 %), ragi (11.7 %), mango (3.5 %), bajra (3.7 %) and red gram (3.2 %). In Muganahunse micro watershed, major soils of Gollarahatti (GHT) series are having moderately shallow soil depth cover around 21.18 % of area. On this soil 3 farmers are presently growing coconut. Jedigere (JDG) soil series is also having deep soil depth cover around 14.65 % of area; the crops are areca nut (27.8 %), coconut (54.6%) and ragi (17.6). Kumchahalli (KMH) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 11.99 % of areas, crops are areca nut (29.5 %) and coconut (60.7 %). mango (9.8 %). The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for coconut ranges between Rs. 66564/ha in GHT soil (with BCR of 2.17) and Rs. 30138 /ha in JDG soil (with BCR of 3.5). In areca nut the cost of cultivation range between Rs. 55973/ha in KMH soil (with of 3.53) and Rs. 44128/ha in JDG soil (with BCR of 3.64). In mango the cost of cultivation in KMH soil Rs. 61857/ha (with BCR of 3.59) and ragi the cost of cultivation in JDG soil Rs. 15699/ha (with BCR of 1.26). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. Fertilizer More applications in deeper soils to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in areca nut (85.2 to 89.3 %), coconut (33.8 to 65.8 %), mango (49.4 %) and ragi (75.7 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.99& 30. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40227 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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112.Muganahunse (4B3D3N2a).pdf | 16.21 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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