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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-25T08:16:18Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-25T08:16:18Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Paspol-2 (4D2D6B1d) Microwatershed, Yadgir & Hatthakuni Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.307, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.147 & 33. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40241 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Paspol-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 601 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 575 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and 26 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 15 soil series and 21 soil phases (management units) and 9 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 26 per cent area are very shallow to shallow (<25 to 50 cm), 22 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow to moderately deep (50-100 cm) and 48 per cent area are moderately deep to very deep (100 to >150 cm). About 16 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy, 45 per cent area in loamy and 35 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Maximum of 84 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%) and 12 per cent is gravelly (15-35%). About 47 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 15 per cent area medium (101-150 mm/m), 19 per cent area low (51-100 mm/m) and 27 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Maximum of 90 per cent area in the microwatershed is very gently sloping (1-3% slope) and 6 per cent area is nearly level (0-1%) lands. An area of about 6 per cent is slightly (e1) eroded, 77 per cent area in the microwatershed is moderately (e2) eroded and 13 per cent area is severely (e3) eroded lands. An area of about 3 per cent area is slightly acid (pH 6.0-6.5) in soil reaction, 57 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3), 23 per cent is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) and 13 per cent soils is moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 54 per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon and low (<0.5%) in 42 per cent area. 42 per area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus and 54 per area is low (<23 kg/ha). About 46 per cent is low (<145 kg/ha) in available potassium and 50 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 95 per cent and medium (10 -20 ppm) in <1 per cent. About 71 per cent area is low (<0.5 ppm) in available boron and 25 per cent is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm). Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. About 94 per cent area is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in available zinc and 1 per cent is sufficient (>0.6 ppm). The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 307(51) 89(15) Guava - 73(12) Maize 23(4) 372(62) Sapota - 73(12) Bajra 23(4) 373(62) Pomegranate - 356(59) Groundnut - 112(19) Musambi 271(45) 85(14) Sunflower 271(45) 85(14) Lime 271(45) 85(14) Redgram - 356(59) Amla 108(18) 288(48) Bengal gram 283(47) 112(19) Cashew - 23(4) Cotton 271(45) 124(21) Jackfruit - 73(12) Chilli - 395(66) Jamun - 283(47) Tomato 23(4) 276(46) Custard apple 357(59) 39(6) Brinjal 115(19) 281(47) Tamarind - 283(47) Onion 47(8) 304(51) Mulberry - 73(12) Bhendi 92(15) 304(51) Marigold - 395(66) Drumstick - 356(59) Chrysanthemum - 395(66) Mango - 79(13) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. The data on households sampled for socio economic survey indicated that 34 farmers were sampled in Paspol-2 micro-watershed among them 4 (11.76 %) were landless and medium farmers, 14 (41.18 %) were marginal, 4 (11.76 %) were small and 4 (11.76 %) were semi medium farmers. The data indicated that there were 105 (61.40 %) men and 66 (38.60 %) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.25, marginal farmers’ was 5.07, small farmers’ was 5.75 and semi medium farmers’ was 4.62. The data indicated that, 28 (16.37 %) people were in 0-15 years of age, 74 (43.27 %) were in 16-35 years of age, 53 (30.99 %) were in 36-60 years of age and 16 (9.36 %) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Paspol-2 had 54.39 per cent illiterates, 15.79 per cent of them had primary school, 1.75 per cent of them had middle school, 11.70 per cent of them had high school education, 8.19 per cent of them had PUC, 1.17 per cent of them had ITI, 3.51 per cent of them had Degree and 1.17 per cent of them had Masters education. The results indicate that, 61.76 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture and 38.24 per cent of the household heads were agricultural laborers. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 33.92 per cent of the household members, 30.41 per cent were agricultural laborers, 0.58 per cent were in Government Service, 7.02 per cent were private service, 2.34 per cent were Children, 14.62 per cent were student and 11.11 per cent were housewives. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 11.76 per cent of the households possess thatched, 58.82 per cent of the households possess katcha house and per cent of the households possess 29.41 pucca/RCC house. The results show that 82.35 per cent of the households possess TV, 38.24 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder, 26.47 per cent of the households possess motor cycle and 97.06 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 9,071, mixer/grinder was Rs. 1,892, motor cycle was Rs. 59,000, landline phone was Rs.4,000 and mobile phone was Rs. 2,541. About 23.53 per cent each of the households possess bullock cart and weeder, 26.47 per cent of the households possess Plough, 5.88 per cent of the households possess Seed/Fertilizer Drill, 11.76 per cent of the households possess Sprayer and Sprinkler, 55.88 per cent of the households possess weeder and 14.71 per cent of the households possess Thresher. 2 The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 18,875, plough was Rs. 1,666, Seed/Fertilizer Drill was Rs. 1,750, Sprayer was Rs. 1,500, Sprinkler was Rs. 2,000, weeder was Rs. 57and the average value of Thresher was Rs. 180. The results indicate that, 23.53 per cent of the households possess bullocks and Buffalo, 5.88 per cent of the households possess local cow, Sheep and Goat. The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.61, average own labour (women) available was 1.29, average hired labour (men) available was 9.43 and average hired labour (women) available was 8.03. The results indicate that, 91.18 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Paspol-2 micro-watershed possess 29.24 ha (82.28 %) of dry land and 6.30 ha (17.72 %) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 8.82 ha (100 %) of dry land. Small farmers possess 8.17 ha (85.88 %) of dry land and 1.34 ha (14.12 %) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 12.24 ha (71.19 %) of dry land and 4.95 ha (28.81 %) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 526,477.51 and the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 603,213.37. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 793,119.27 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 379,059.41 for dry land and the average value was Rs. 892,771.07 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 432,760.33 for dry land and Rs. 524,673.21 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 5 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 14.71 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 15.69 meters. The results indicate that, small and semi medium farmers had an irrigated area of 1.34 ha and 4.96 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (7.7 ha), groundnut (5.72 ha), sorghum (2.54 ha), green gram (4.89 ha), cotton (10.84 ha), Sunflower (0.93 ha) and Maize (2.02 ha). Marginal farmers have grown red gram, groundnut and black gram. Small farmers have grown red gram, groundnut and cotton. Semi medium farmers have grown red gram, groundnut, sorghum, green gram and paddy. Medium farmers have grown red gram. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Paspol-2 micro-watershed was found to be 98.61 per cent. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Cotton was Rs. 35817.07. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 83561.56. The net income from Cotton cultivation was Rs. 47744.49. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 2.33. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 53485.92. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 109061.26. The net income from 3 groundnut cultivation was Rs. 55575.34. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 2.04. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Red gram was Rs. 27069.93. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 62972.01. The net income from Red gram cultivation was Rs. 35902.08. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 2.33. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Sorghum was Rs. 28900.66. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 63918.90. The net income from Sorghum cultivation was Rs. 35018.25. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 2.21. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Green gram was Rs. 34361.02. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 46709.66. The net income from Green gram cultivation was Rs. 12348.65. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 1.36. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Maize was Rs. 21631.14. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 30381. The net income from Maize cultivation was Rs. 8749.86. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 1.4. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Sunflower was Rs. 30706.06. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 107860.26. The net income from Sunflower cultivation was Rs. 77154.21. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1: 3.51. The results indicate that, 35.29 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 35.29 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 66,000 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 93,362.50 and for small farmers it was Rs. 125,250, semi medium farmers it was Rs. 318,125. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 23,504.24. For landless households it was Rs. 11,437.50, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 13,452.90, for small farmers it was Rs. 34,850.45 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 35,781.25. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 3 Coconut and 5 mango tree in their field and also 2 coconut in their backyard. The results indicate that, households have planted 2 Eucalyptus, 2 Teak, 49 neem, 2 tamarind, 1 Pongamia and 2 Banyan trees in their field and 1 neem in their backyard. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 5,058.82 for land development, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1,058.82 for improved crop production and households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 147.06 for improved livestock management. The results indicated that Loan from bank was the source of additional investment for 23.53 per cent for land development and 20.59 per cent for improved crop 4 production. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 17.65 per cent for land development, 2.94 per cent for improved crop production an improved livestock management. The results indicated that, Sunflower was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, cotton was sold to the extent of 99.04 per cent, groundnut was sold to the extent of 96.65 per cent, Maize was sold to the extent of 86.0 per cent, Red gram was sold to the extent of 89.72 per cent and Sorghum was sold to the extent of 91.43 per cent. The results indicated that, about 88.24 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchant and 2.94 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated markets. The results indicated that, 2.94 per cent of the households have used Head Load and 88.24 per cent of the households have used Tractor as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 55.88 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 91.18 per cent of the households used firewood and 8.82 per cent of the households used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.06 per cent of the households in the micro watershed and bore well was the source of drinking water for 2.94 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. The results indicated that, Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 17.65 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 97.06 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL cards and 2.94 per cent of the sampled households not possessed. The results indicated that, 58.82 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 91.18 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 76.47 per cent, fruits were adequate for 17.65 per cent, milk and egg were adequate for 100 per cent and Meat were adequate for 97.06 per cent. The results indicated that, pulses were inadequate for 8.82 per cent, oilseeds were inadequate for 97.06 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 23.53 per cent and fruits and meat were inadequate for 82.35 per cent. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil and Frequent incidence of pest and diseases were the constraint experienced by 88.24 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (70.59 %), Inadequacy of irrigation water (14.71 %), high cost of fertilizer and plant protection chemicals (82.35 %), high rate of interest on credit (32.35 %) and low price for the agricultural commodities (8.82 %). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 307; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | OF KARNATAKA, BANGALORE LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PASPOL-2 (4D2D6B1d) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir & Hatthakuni Hoblis, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.147 & 33 | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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307. Paspol-2_(6B1d).pdf | 16.98 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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