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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-25T09:27:57Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-25T09:27:57Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Gudigeri North-1 (4D4A2N1e) Microwatershed, Alavandi Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.150, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.87 & 35. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40258 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Gudigeri North-1microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 448ha in Koppaltalukand district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 98 per cent is covered by soils, two per cent bywaterbodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 5 soil series and 9 soil phases (management units) and 4 land use classes. The length of crop growing period is <90 days and starts from 2nd week of August to 2nd week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 24 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area is suitable for agriculture. About 65 per cent of the soils are very shallow(<25 cm) to moderately shallow (50-75 cm) and about 33 per cent are moderately deep to very deep soils (75->150 cm). Entire area has clayey soils at the surface. About 67 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils, 23 per cent gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel) and 8 per cent very gravelly (35- 60% gravel) soils. About 65 per cent of the area has low (51-100 mm/m), 4 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) and 30 per cent very high (>200mm/m) available water capacity. Entire area has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands. Entire area has moderately eroded (e2) lands. An area of about 47 per cent has soils that are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0)and about 52 per cent are very strongly alkaline (pH>9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. Organic carbon is low (<0.5%) in about 95 per cent and about three per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon. Available phosphorus is low (<23 kg/ha) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available potassium is high (>337 kg/ha) in the entire area of the microwatershed Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in 43 per cent area, medium (10-20 ppm) in about 43 per cent area and about 12 per cent area is high (>20 ppm). Available boron is low (0.5 ppm) in about 69 per cent area and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 30 per cent area. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils. The land suitability for 24 major crops grown in the microwatershedwere assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 4 (<1) 326 (72 ) Sapota - - Maize - - Jackfruit - - Bajra - - Jamun - 133(29) Groundnut - 181 (40) Musambi 4(<1) 145 (32) Sunflower 4 (<1) 145 (31) Lime 4(<1) 145 (32) Chilli - - Cashew - - Tomato - - Custard apple 4 (<1) 326 (73) Drumstick - 149 (32) Amla 329 (73) Mulbery 329 (73) Tamarind - 133 (30) Pomegranate - 149 (33) Marigold - 329 (72) Guava - - Chrysanthemum - 329 (73) Mango - - Jasmine - 181(40) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 4 identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which inturn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: The Gudigeri North-1 micro-watershed is located in between 15020’ – 15021’ North latitudes and 75054’ – 75056’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 448.57 ha and bounded by Kavalura, Gudigeri villages and Yelburga Taluk in Koppal taluk and district. It falls under Agro Ecological Region (AER)–3: (Deccan plateau, hot arid ecosubregion) Karnataka Plateau (Rayalseema as inclusion), hot arid ESR with deep loamy and clayey mixed red and black soils, low to medium AWC and LGP 60-90 days We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified for each watershed. Results: We found that Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 52 to 47 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age groups of population is around 54 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 54.3 per cent. Wood is the source of energy for a cooking among 87.5 per cent. About 12.5 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. Majority of farm households (50 %) are having MGNREGA card for rural employments. Dependence on ration cards through public distribution system is around 100 per cent Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 62.5 per cent of sample households. Institutional participation is only 2.2 per cent of sample households. Rural migration to unban centre for employment is prevent among 37.5 per cent of farm households. Women participation is decisions making are around 12.5 per cent of households were found. 2 Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.9 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal and small farmers. Agriculture is the main occupation among 23 per cent and Agriculture labour is predominant subsidiary occupation for 60 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs 24875 per household. Mobile and television are mass popular mass communication media. The average farm assets a value is around Rs 197441 per household, about 50 per cent of sample farmers are owing tractors. The average livestock value is around Rs 39067 per livestock; about 62.5 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 675 grams (1515 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition recommendation at 827 gram. Around 88 per cent of sample farmers are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs 4909 per household. About 12.5 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly expenditure is around Rs 752 per household. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs 7121 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs 3086740 per year for the total area of 448.57 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food production is around Rs 1500/ ha/year. Per ha food production services is maximum in Bengal gram (Rs 5102/ha) followed by sunflower (Rs 2224/ha) and green gram (Rs 2149). The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs 2779/ ha/year. Per ha fodder production services is maximum in Sorghum (Rs 2964 /ha) followed by Maize (Rs 2470 /ha) (Rs 14/ha). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in Bengal gram (Rs 46909) followed by Green gram (Rs 32659), Sunflower (Rs 21683), sorghum (Rs 18821) and maize (Rs 12073). Economic Land Evaluation The major cropping pattern is green gram (48.2%) followed by sunflower (23.1%), bengal gram (12.7 %), maize (9.5 %) and sorghum (6.4 %). 3 In Gudigeri North-1 micro watershed, major soils are Muttal (MTL) soil series are having very shallow soil depth covers around 25.1 % of area. On the soil farmers are presently growing are green gram (44.4 %), maize (16.7 %) and sorghum (11.1 %). Ravanaki (RNK) series are having moderately shallow soil deep cover around 40.32 % of area, crops growing sunflower (41.9 %) and green gram (76.6 %). Gatareddihalla (GRH) soil series are having deep soil depth cover around 28.69 per cent of area; crops are bengal gram and sunflower. The total cost of cultivation in the study area for green gram ranges between Rs.17355/ha in MTL soil (with BCR of 1.09) and Rs.10274/ha in RNK soil (with BCR of 1.35). In sunflower the cost of cultivation range between Rs 22200/ha in GRH soil (with of 1.03) and Rs.18544/ha in MTL soil (with BCR of 1.13). In sorghum the cost of cultivation in MTL soil is Rs.17047/ha (with BCR of 1.08). In bengal gram the cost of cultivation in GRH soil is Rs.22068/ha (with BCR of 1.23) and maize cultivation in MTL soil is Rs 18148/ha (with BCR of 1.12). Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthening institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in bengal gram (23.6 %), sunflower (33.3 to 50.6 %), green gram (14 to 43.7 %), maize (82.6 %) and sorghum (66.7 %) | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 150; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT GUDIGERI NORTH-1 (4D4A2N1e) MICRO WATERSHED Alavandi Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.87 & 35 | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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150. Gudigeri North-1(4D4A2N1e).pdf | 15.6 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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