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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-26T07:37:50Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-26T07:37:50Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Kotagi shahpur (4D5B1E2a) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.575, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.119 & 26. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43772 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Kotagi Shahpur Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 516 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 178 ha (35%) ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, about 328 ha (66%) by rock outcrops and about 10 ha (2%) by others (Habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 2 soil series and 4 soil phases (management units) and 2 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. An area of about 35 per cent is suitable for agriculture in the microwatershed. About 35 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are deep to very deep (100- >150 cm) in the microwatershed. About 22 percent soils are loamy and 13 per cent is clayey soils at the surface. Entire cultivated area is non gravelly (<15%) soils in the microwatershed. Entire cultivated area is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. An area of about 22 percent is very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands and about 13 per cent soils are nearly level (0-1% slope) lands in the microwatershed. An area of about 22 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded and about 13 per cent are slightly (e1) eroded lands in the microwatershed. An area of about 18 per cent is neutral (6.5-7.3) and 17 per cent is slightly moderately alkaline (7.3-8.4) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non-saline. An area of 15 per cent is high (>0.75%) and about 20 percent is medium (0.50- 0.75%) in organic carbon content. An area of about 15 per cent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 19 percent soils are high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. An area of about 34 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) and <1 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium in the microwatershed. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of about <1 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in about 34 per cent soils. Available iron content is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in an area of 19 per cent and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in about 15 per cent in the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. An area of about 24 per cent is deficient (<0.6 ppm) and 11 per cent is sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in available zinc content in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 65(13) Guava - - Maize - 65(13) Sapota - - Bajra - 65(13) Pomegranate - - Groundnut - - Musambi - - Sunflower - - Lime - - Redgram - 65(13) Amla - - Bengal gram - - Cashew - - Cotton - - Jackfruit - - Chilli - - Jamun - - Tomato - - Custard apple - - Brinjal - - Tamarind - - Onion - - Mulberry - - Bhendi - - Marigold - - Drumstick - - Chrysanthemum - - Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fiber and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc. Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel to generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Kotagi Shahpur is located at North latitude 160 52’ 21.765” and 160 51' 11.042" and East longitude 770 11’ 54.044'' and 770 9’ 26.878” covering an area of about 522.83 ha coming under Katagi shahapura and Hattikunni Villages of Yadagiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Kotagi Shahpur micro watersheds of Hattikuni subwatershed, Yadgiri taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 37 total respondents, 17 (45.95 %) were marginal, 13 (35.14%)were small, 1 (2.70 %) were Semi medium and 1 (2.70 %) were medium farmers. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 92 (54.12%) men and 78 (45.88 %) were women. Majority of the respondents (43.53%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 68.24 per cent illiterates, 1.18 percent were functional literates, 27.64 per cent pre university education and 1.18 per cent attained graduation. About, 72.97 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 5.41 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 51.18 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 97.30 per cent of the households possess katcha house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 94.59 per cent possess TV, 27.03 per cent possess mixer grinder, 100.00 per cent possess mobile phones and 8.11 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 21.62 per cent of the households possess plough. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 2.70 per cent possess local cow and 2.70 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.21, women available in the micro watershed was 1.86, hired labour (men) available was 10.14 and hired labour (women) available was 7.61. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 76.78 per cent (31.82 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 10.25 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 2.00 live bore wells among the sampled households. Bore/open well was the major source of irrigation for 5.41 per cent of the households. 2 The major crops grown by sample farmers are Red gram, Cotton, Sorghum, Horse gram and Groundnut and cropping intensity was recorded as 100.00 per cent. The per hectare cost of cultivation for Red gram, Cotton, Sorghum, Horse gram and Groundnut was Rs.26790.21, 34228.96, 67937.63, 35242.56 and 37520.02 with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.80, 1: 1.30, 1: 1.20, 1: 1.10 and 1:1.20 respectively. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 74414.86 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 29766.22 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 1 horticulture trees and 37 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 648.65 for land development. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 8.11 per cent depends on own funds and 8.11 per cent depends on bank loan for land development activities. Regarding marketing channels, 75.68 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants. Further, 75.68 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (45.95%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 70.27 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 100.00 per cent of the households. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 91.89 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 97.30 per cent of the households. In the study area, 78.38 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 94.59 per cent of the households possessed BPL card and 2.70 per cent of the household’s possessed APL card. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%), pulses (97.30%) and oilseeds (2.70%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (75.68%) wild animal menace on farm field (2.70%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (62.16%), inadequacy of irrigation water (8.11%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (70.27%), high rate of interest on credit (13.51%), low price for the agricultural commodities (70.27%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (59.46%), inadequate extension services (5.41%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market(59.46%). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 575; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KOTAGI SHAHPUR (4D5B1E1a) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk & District, Karnatak | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.119 & 26. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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575.Kotagi Shahapur_(4D5B1E2a).pdf | 19.41 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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