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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT HYATI-2 (4D4A1Y2a) MICROWATERSHED Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land resource inventory and socioeconomic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Hyati-2 (4D4A1Y2a) Microwatershed, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ. 427, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.133 & 35 |
Series/Report no.: | 427; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Hyati-2 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 485 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south–west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 78 per cent is covered by soils and 22 per cent by water bodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 7 soil series and 12 soil phases (management units) and 3 land management units. The length of crop growing period is <90 days and starts from 2nd week of August to 2nd week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 31 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area is suitable for agriculture. About 15 per cent of the soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 18 per cent of the soils are moderately deep (75-100 cm), 39 per cent of the soils are deep (100-150 cm) and 7 per cent area has very deep (>150 cm) soils. An area of about <1 per cent soils has sandy, 67 per cent has loamy soils and 11 per cent has clayey soils at the surface. About 60 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (<15%) soils and 19 per cent has gravelly (15-35% gravel) soils. About 33 per cent are very low (<50 mm/m), 23 per cent low (51-100 mm/m), 16 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) and 7 per cent high (151-200 mm/m) in available water capacity. An area of about 42 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) and 36 per cent area has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands. An area of about 73 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1) and 6 per cent moderately eroded (e2) lands. An area of about 52 per cent are neutral (pH 6.5-7.3), 18 per cent are slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8), 8 per cent are moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4) and 1 per cent are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4-9.0) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils is <2 dS m-1 and as such the soils are non-saline. Organic carbon is medium (0.5-0.75%) in 47 per cent and high (>0.75%) in 31 per cent area of the soils. Available phosphorus is high (>57 kg/ha) in entire area of about 78 per cent in the microwatershed. About 67 per cent of the soils are medium (145-337 kg/ha) and 12 per cent soils are high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium content. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in 48 per cent and medium (10-20 ppm) in 31 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available boron is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in about 59 per cent and 20 per cent are high (>1.0 ppm) in area. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 66 per cent and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in about 13 per cent area. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in <1 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in about 78 per cent area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils. The land suitability for 31 major agricultural and horticultural crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 110 (23) 14 (3) Sapota 110 (23) 101 (21) Maize 78 (16) 46 (9) Pomegranate 110 (23) 101 (21) Bajra 110 (23) 172 (35) Musambi 110 (23) 101 (21) Groundnut 32 (7) 277 (57) Lime 110 (23) 101 (21) Sunflower 110 (23) 14 (3) Amla 123 (25) 257 (53) Red gram 110 (23) 14 (3) Cashew 107 (22) 103 (21) Bengalgram - 195 (40) Jackfruit 110 (23) 101 (21) Cotton 47 (10) 77 (16) Jamun 47 (10) 164 (34) Chilli 110 (23) 14 (3) Custard apple 123 (25) 257 (53) Tomato 110 (23) 14 (3) Tamarind 47 (10) 76 (16) Brinjal 76 (16) 146 (30) Mulberry 123 (25) 187 (38) Onion 76 (16) 145 (30) Marigold 110 (23) 14 (3) Bhendi 76 (16) 145 (30) Chrysanthemum 110 (23) 14 (3) Drumstick 123 (25) 99 (20) Jasmine 110 (23) 14 (3) Mango 47 (10) 76 (16) Crossandra 110 (23) 14 (3) Guava 95 (20) 116 (24) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 3 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops that helps in maintaining productivity and ecological balance in the microwatershed. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc. Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.133 & 35 |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43790 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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427.Hyati-2_(4D4A1Y2a).pdf | 15.75 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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