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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-26T11:33:46Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-26T11:33:46Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Yadgir Rf1 (4D5B1E2b) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ .589, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.131 & 28. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43803 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Yadgir Rf-1 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 742 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 355 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, about 349 ha (47%) covered by rock outcrops and others covers an area of 37 ha (5%) in the microwatershed. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 7 soil series and 12 soil phases (management units) and 7 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. An area about 48 per cent in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 5 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are deep to very deep (100 - >150 cm), 19 per cent soils are moderately deep (75-100) whereas 10 per cent soils are moderately shallow (50 -75 cm) and 14 per cent soils are shallow (25 -50 cm) in the microwatershed. About 33 per cent soils are loamy and 15 per cent soils clayey at the surface. An area of 40 per cent is non gravelly (<15%), soils and about 7 per cent is gravelly (15-35%) soils in the microwatershed. About 5 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 14 percent soils are medium (51-100), 10 per cent soils are low (51-100 mm/m) and 19 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m) available water capacity. An area about 4 per cent area of the microwatershed has gently sloping (3-5% slope) lands, 43 per cent area of the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1- 3% slope) lands and 1 per cent is nearly level (0-1% slope) lands. An area of about 46 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded and 1 percent soils are slightly eroded (e1). An area of about 5 per cent is slightly to moderately acid (pH 5.5- 6.5), about 11 per cent is neutral (6.5-7.3). Maximum area of about 32 percent is slightly to moderately alkaline (pH 7.3-8.4) in the microwatershed. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is dominately <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non-saline. An area of about 5 per cent is high (>0.75%), about 15 percent is medium (0.50- 0.75%) and 27 percent is low (<0.50%) in organic carbon content. An area of 7 percent is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus, about 38 percent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and about 4 percent is low (<23kg/ha) in available phosphorus. An area of about 9 percent is low (<145kg/ha), 34 percent is medium (>337kg/ha) and 5 percent is high (>337kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur content is low (<10 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of about 42 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) covering an area of about 6 per cent soils. Available iron content is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in an area of 38 per cent and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in about 10 per cent in the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc content is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in about 40 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in about 8 per cent in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 102(14) 137(19) Guava - 141(19) Maize 102(14) 137(19) Sapota - 141(19) Bajra 102(14) 137(19) Pomegranate - 141(19) Groundnut - 213(29) Musambi - 141(19) Sunflower - 141(19) Lime - 141(19) Redgram - 167(23) Amla 102(14) 111(15) Bengal gram - - Cashew - - Cotton - 102(14) Jackfruit - 141(19) Chilli 102(14) 72(10) Jamun - - Tomato 102(14) 72(10) Custard apple - 213(29) Brinjal 102(14) 72(10) Tamarind - - Onion 102(14) 72(10) Mulberry - 141(19) Bhendi 102(14) 72(10) Marigold 102(14) 72(10) Drumstick - 141(19) Chrysanthemum 102(14) 72(10) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fiber and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc. Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel to generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Yadgir Rf-1 is located at North latitude 160 52’ 5.797” and 160 50’ 19.948" and East longitude 770 13’ 43.021'' and 770 11’ 48.157” covering an area of about 756.89 ha coming under Suthar Hosahalli and Katagi Shahapura villages of Yadagiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Yadgir Rf-1 micro watersheds of Hattikuni sub-watershed, Yadgiri taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 34 farmers were sampled in Yadgir Rf-1 micro-watershed among households surveyed 19 (55.88%) were marginal, 9 (26.47%) were small and 1 (2.94 %) were semi medium farmers. 5 landless farmers were also interviewed for the survey. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 103 (58.52%) men and 73 (41.48 %) were women. The average population of landless was 4.8, marginal farmers were 5.2, small farmers were 5.4 and semi medium farmers were 4. Majority of the respondents (46.02%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 60.80 per cent illiterates, 27.84 per cent pre university education and 6.25 per cent attained graduation. About, 79.41 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 17.65 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 63.07 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 58.82 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.94 per cent possess pucca house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 91.18 per cent possess TV, 94.12 per cent possess mixer grinder, 91.18 per cent possess mobile phones and 8.82 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 52.94 per cent of the households possess plough, 32.35 per cent possess bullock cart and 2.94 per cent possess sprayer. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 8.82 per cent possess local cow and 2.94 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.67, women available in the micro watershed was 1.48, hired labour (men) available was 8.89 and hired labour (women) available was 9.3. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 80.51 per cent (21.64 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 12.01 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 4.00 live bore wells among the sampled households. Bore well was the major source of irrigation for 14.70 per cent of the households. 2 The major crops grown by sample farmers are Red gram, Groundnut, Sorghum, Paddy and Cotton and cropping intensity was recorded as 100.00 per cent. Out of the sample households 35.29 percent possessed bank account. About 35.29 per cent of the respondents borrowed credit from various sources. The per hectare cost of cultivation for Red gram, Groundnut, Sorghum, Paddy and Cotton was Rs.46071.05, 55525.35, 21581.86, 103298.29 and 33159.86 with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.03, 1: 1.10, 1: 1.20, 1: 0.84 and 1:1.40 respectively. Further, 38.24 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 23.53 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 49205.88 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 31264.71 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 50 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 7294.12 for land development. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 68.57 per cent depends on bank loan for land development activities. Regarding marketing channels, 82.35 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants. Further, 82.35 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (73.53%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 76.47 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 94.12 per cent of the households and 5.88 per cent households has LPG connection. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 76.47 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 23.53 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 100.00 per cent of the households possessed BPL card. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%), pulses (97.06%) and oilseeds (38.24%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (82.35%) wild animal menace on farm field (85.29%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (73.53%), inadequacy of irrigation water (14.71%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (76.47%), high rate of interest on credit (50.00%), low price for the agricultural commodities (58.82%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (73.53%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (41.18%). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 590; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADGIR RF-1 (4D5B1E2b) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.131 & 28 | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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589.Yadgir Rf-1_(4D5B1E2b).pdf | 21.03 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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