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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT HIRE ANUR-2 (4D5B1N1b) MICROWATERSHED Sydhapur Hobli, Yadgir Taluk & District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar S.C. B.A. Dhanorkar, K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Hire Anur-2 (4D5B1N1b) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.569, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.135 & 26. |
Series/Report no.: | 569; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Hre Anur-2Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 540 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 525 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and 15 ha area is covered by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 10 soil series and 11 soil phases (management units) and 7 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 525 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 1 per cent of area is moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 20 per cent of area is moderately deep (75-100 cm), 44 per cent of area is deep (100 - 150 cm) and 32 per cent of area is very deep (>150 cm). About 50 per cent area in the microwatershed has loamy soils and 83 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Entire area in the microwatershed has non gravelly (<15%) soils. About 76 per cent of area is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, <1 per cent area is medium (101-150 mm/m) and 21 per cent of area is low (51-100 mm/m). Entire area in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. Entire area in the microwatershed is moderately (e2) eroded. About 12 per cent area is moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4), 72 per cent area is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) and 3 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.5) in soil reaction. Electrical Conductivity is non saline (<2 dsm-1) in an area of 93 per cent. Low (2-4 dsm-1) in an area of 3 per cent and medium (4-8 dsm-1) in an area 1 per cent of the microwatershed. An area of 19 per cent is high (>0.75%), 66 per cent area is medium (0.5-0.75%) and 12 per cent area is low (<0.50%) in organic carbon content. An area of about 41 per cent is medium (23-57 kg/ha), 51 per cent area is high (>57 kg/ha) and 5 per cent of area is low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus content of the microwatershed. An area of about 87 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) and 10 per cent of area is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium content. Available sulphur content is low (<10 ppm) the entire area of the microwatershed. Available boron is medium (0.5-0.1 ppm) in an area of 15 per cent and low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of 82 per cent of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in an area of 69 per cent and deficient (<4.5 ppm) in an area of 28 per cent of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 77 per cent area and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 21 per cent of area in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 168 (31) 248 (46) Guava 2 (<1) 107 (20) Maize 109 (20) 308 (57) Sapota 2 (<1) 107 (20) Bajra 109 (20) 308 (57) Pomegranate 2 (<1) 345 (64) Groundnut 32 (6) 85 (16) Musambi 94 (17) 253 (47) Sunflower 92 (17) 255 (47) Lime 94 (17) 253 (47) Redgram - 409 (76) Amla 109 (20) 100 (18) Bengal gram 92 (17) 175 (31) Cashew - 109 (20) Cotton 92 (17) 223 (41) Jackfruit 2 (<1) 107 (20) Chilli 109 (20) 246 (46) Jamun 2 (<1) 92 (17) Tomato 109 (20) 8 (1) Custard apple 201 (37) 154 (29) Brinjal 109 (20) 8 (1) Tamarind 2 (<1) 92 (17) Onion 109 (20) 8 (1) Mulberry 2 (<1) 107 (20) Bhendi 109 (20) 246 (46) Marigold 109 (20) 246 (46) Drumstick 2 (<1) 199 (37) Chrysanthemum 92 (17) 246 (46) Mango 2 (<1) - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Hire Anur-2 is located at North latitude 160 35’ 13.468” and 160 34’ 11.845" and East longitude 770 13’ 23.658'' and 770 10’ 57.211” covering an area of about 518.10 ha coming under Hire Alur and Chikka Alur Villages of Yadagiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Hire Anur-2 micro watersheds of Belagunda subwatershed, Yadgiri taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 39 farmers were sampled in Hire Anur-2 micro-watershed among households surveyed 8 (20.51%) were marginal, 11 (28.21%) were small, 12 (30.77 %) were semi medium, 4 (10.26 %) were medium and 1 (2.56 %) were large farmers. 3 landless farmers were also interviewed for the survey. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 115 (58.67%) men and 81 (41.33 %) were women. The average population of landless was 4.3, marginal farmers were 5.3, small farmers were 4.4, semi medium farmers 5.3, medium farmers were 5.8 and large farmers were 7. Majority of the respondents (45.92%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 53.06 per cent illiterates, 0.51 percent were functional literates, 42.34 per cent pre university education and 4.59 per cent attained graduation. About, 74.36 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 17.95 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 60.71 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 92.31 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 7.69 per cent possess pucca house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 97.44 per cent possess TV, 20.51 per cent possess mixer grinder, 82.05 per cent possess mobile phones and 25.64 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 23.08 per cent of the households possess plough. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 12.82 per cent possess local cow and 7.69 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.25, women available in the micro watershed was 1.53, hired labour (men) available was 11.8 and hired labour (women) available was 7.75. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 67.21 per cent (67.92 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 26.23 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 6.00 live bore wells among the sampled households. 2 Bore well was the major source of irrigation for 15.38 per cent of the households. The major crops grown by sample farmers are Red gram, Cotton, Sorghum, Paddy and cropping intensity was recorded as 100.00 per cent. The per hectare cost of cultivation for Red gram, Cotton, Sorghum and Paddy was Rs.20897.46, 26979.99, 30850.56 and 77265.76 with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.50, 1: 1.60, 1: 0.93 and 1: 1.20 respectively. Further, 2.56 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 5.13 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 86756.41 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 57679.49 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 24 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1897.44 for land development and Rs. 717.95 for irrigation facility. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 7.69 per cent depends on own funds and 10.26 per cent depends on bank loan for land development activities. Regarding marketing channels, 87.18 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants. Further, 87.18 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (89.74%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 82.05 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 100.00 per cent of the households. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 94.87 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 94.87 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 100.00 per cent of the households possessed BPL card. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%), pulses (89.74%) and oilseeds (2.56%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (87.18%) wild animal menace on farm field (2.56%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (79.49%), inadequacy of irrigation water (2.56%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (53.85%), high rate of interest on credit (7.69%), low price for the agricultural commodities (51.28%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (15.38%), inadequate extension services (5.13%) and lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (46.15%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.135 & 26. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43858 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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569.Hire Anur-2_(4D5B1N1b).pdf | 14.5 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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