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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MUKKUMPI-3 (4D3A9I1g) Microwatershed Irkallgada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy, and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy, and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and socioeconomic status of farm households for Watershed Planning and Development of Mukkumpi-3 Microwatershed, Irakallagada Hobli ,Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ. 542, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.125 & 30. |
Series/Report no.: | 542; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Mukkumpi-3 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of about 461 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south–west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 29 per cent is covered by soils, 71 per cent is cover by rock-out crops and <1 per cent is by others (Habitation and Settlements). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 3 soil series and 3 soil phases (management units) and 2 Land Management Units. The length of crop growing period is <90 days and starts from 2nd week of August to 2nd week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 31 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. An area of about 29 per cent is suitable for agriculture. An area of about 21 per cent of the soils are moderately deep to deep (75-150 cm) and 8 per cent soils are very deep (>150 cm). An area of about 1 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils and 28 per cent clayey soils at the surface. An area of about 28 per cent area has non-gravelly (<15% gravel) soils and 1 per cent has gravelly (15-35% gravel) soils. An area of about 1 per cent area is low (51-100 mm/m) and 28 per cent area is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed falls under very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 21 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded and about 8 per cent area is slightly (e1) eroded. An area of about 1 per cent soils are moderately acid to slightly acid (pH 5.5-6.5), 7 per cent soils are neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) and 20 per cent soil are slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline (pH 7.3-8.4) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non-saline. Organic carbon is high (>0.75%) in 26 per cent area and medium (0.5-0.75%) in 3 per cent area of the microwatershed. An area of about 23 per cent is low (<23 kg/ha), 6 per cent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 1 per cent is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is high (>337 kg/ha) in the available potassium content. Available sulphur is high (>20 ppm) in 2 per cent area, medium (10 -20 ppm) in 24 per cent area and low (<10 ppm) in 4 per cent area of the microwatershed. An area of about 22 per cent is low (<0.5ppm) and 7 per cent is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in available boron content. An area of about 3 per cent is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) and 26 per cent is deficient (<4.5 ppm) in available iron content. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is sufficient (>1.0 ppm) in the available manganese content. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is sufficient (>0.2 ppm) in the available copper content. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the available zinc content. The land suitability for 31 major crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 4(1) Sapota - 4(1) Maize - 4(1) Pomegranate - 4(1) Bajra 4(1) - Guava - 4(1) Groundnut - 4(1) Jackfruit - 4(1) Sunflower - 4(1) Jamun - - Cotton - 4(1) Musambi - 4(1) Red gram - 4(1) Lime - 4(1) Bengalgram - - Cashew - 4(1) Chilli - 4(1) Custard apple 4(1) - Tomato - 4(1) Amla 4(1) - Brinjal - 4(1) Tamarind - - Onion - 4(1) Marigold - 4(1) Bhendi - 4(1) Chrysanthemum - 4(1) Drumstick - 4(1) Jasmine - 4(1) Mulberry - 4(1) Crossandra - 4(1) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 2 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 85 (57.43%) men and 63 (42.57%) were women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers was 4.4, marginal farmers’ was 4, small farmers’ was 4.14 and semi medium farmers’ was 5. The data indicated that, 35 (23.65%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 56 (37.84%) were in 16-35 years of age, 45 (30.41%) were in 36-60 years of age and 12 (8.11%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Mukkumpi-3 had 37.84 per cent illiterates, 0.68 per cent functional illiterate, 35.14 per cent of them had primary school education, 6.76 per cent of them had middle school education, 8.11 per cent of them had high school education, 2.03 per cent of them had PUC education, 2.03 per cent of them did ITI and 2.03 per cent of them had degree education. The results indicate that, 64.71 per cent of households were practicing agriculture and 35.29 per cent of the households were agricultural laborers. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 47.97 per cent of the household members, 21.62 per cent were agricultural labourers, 2.03 per cent were in private service, 24.32 per cent of them were students and 4.05 per cent were children. The results show that 100 per cent of the households have not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 11.76 per cent of the households possess thatched house, 82.35 per cent of them possess katcha house and 5.88 per cent of them possess pucca house. The results shows that 52.94 per cent of the households possess TV, 17.65 per cent of the households possess Mixer grinder, 11.76 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 26.47 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 2.94 per cent of the households possess auto and 100 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results shows that the average value of television was Rs. 8,777, mixer grinder was Rs. 2,000, bicycle was Rs. 2,000, motor cycle was Rs. 28,333, auto was Rs. 1,00,000 and mobile phone was Rs. 1,933. About 11.76 per cent of the households possess plough, 2.94 per cent of them possess tractor, 2.94 per cent of them possess chaff cutter and 11.76 per cent of them possess weeder. The results show that the average value of plough was Rs. 833, tractor was Rs. 350,000, chaff cutter was Rs.2500 and the average value of weeder was Rs.46. The results indicate that, 14.71 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 11.76 per cent of the households possess local cow and 2.94 per cent possess buffalo. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.48, average own labour (women) available was 1.55, average hired labour (men) available was 6 and average hired labour (women) available was 5.62. The results indicate that, 85.29 per cent of the household opined that hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Mukkumpi-3 micro watershed possess 38.12 ha (92.90%) of dry land and 2.91 ha (7.10%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 4.53 ha (100%) of dry land. Small farmers possess 17 ha (90.91%) of dry land and 1.70 ha (9.09%) of irrigated land. Semi medium possess 16.59 ha (93.18%) of dry land and 1.21 ha (6.82%) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 256,963.91 and average value of irrigated was Rs. 514,583.33. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 507,232.14 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 276,404.76 for dry land and Rs. 646,904.75 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 168,682.93 for dry land and Rs. 329,333.33 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 3 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 8.82 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 9.68 meters. The results indicate that, small farmers had an irrigated area of 1.70 hectares and semi medium farmers had 1.21 hectares. The results indicate that, farmers have grown maize (22.27 ha), bajra (11.82 ha), sorghum (3.64 ha), paddy (2.11) and groundnut (0.81 ha). Marginal farmers had grown maize, bajra and sorghum. Small farmers have grown maize, bajra, sorghum, paddy and groundnut. Semi medium farmers have grown maize, bajra and paddy. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Mukkumpi-3 micro watershed was found to be 92.62 per cent. In case of marginal farmers it was 100 per cent, for small farmers it was 85.24 per cent and in case of semi medium farmers it was 100 per cent. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for maize was Rs.23854.20. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 32601.29. The net income from Maize cultivation was Rs. 8747.10, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.37. The total cost of cultivation for Bajra was Rs.24545.93. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs.20125.41. The net income from Bajra cultivation was Rs. - 4420.52. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.82. The total cost of cultivation for sorghumwas Rs.31328.80. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 19083.32. The net income from sorghum cultivation was Rs. - 12245.48. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.61. 3 The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 38900.21. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 44460. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 5559.79. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.14. The total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs.52813.10. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 48243.59. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. - 4569.51, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.91. The results indicate that, 20.59 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 26.47 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the average annual gross income was Rs. 56,000 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 59,142.86, for small farmers it was Rs. 77,957.14 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 93,650. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 7,276.89. For landless households it was Rs. 12,840, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 7,127.55, for small farmers it was Rs. 4,764.03 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 8,328.13. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 4 coconut and 4 mango trees in their field and 3 coconut trees in their backyard. The results indicate that, households have planted 16 neem trees and 1 tamarind tree in their field. Also, 2 neem trees in the backyard. The results indicated that, bajra was sold to the extent of 94.09 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 79.03 per cent, sorghum was sold to the extent of 97.92 per cent, groundnut and maize were sold to the extent of 100 per cent. The results indicated that, about 79.41 per cent have sold their produce to local/village merchants and 14.71 per cent have sold in regulated markets. The results indicated that 94.12 per cent of the farmers have used tractor as a mode of transport for their agricultural produce. The results indicated that, 67.65 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 82.35 per cent of the households are interested in soil testing. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 94.12 per cent of the households and bore well was the source of drinking water for 5.88 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, 73.53 percent used fire wood, and 26.47 percent of the households used LPG as a source of fuel. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 61.76 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. 4 The results indicated that, 97.06 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL card and 2.94 per cent did not possess any PDS card. The results indicated that, 29.41 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 100 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 14.71 per cent, fruits were adequate for 14.71 per cent, milk was adequate for 97.06 per cent, eggs were adequate for 100 per cent and meat was adequate for 100 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, oilseeds were inadequate for 100 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 85.29 per cent, fruits were inadequate for 88.24 per cent and milk was inadequate for 2.94 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint experienced by 85.29 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (85.29%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (82.35%), inadequacy of irrigation water (82.35%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (82.35%), high rate of interest on credit (85.29%), low price for the agricultural commodities (82.35%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (50%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (8.82%) and inadequate extension services (8.82%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | .125 & 30 |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43872 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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