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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-27T02:19:35Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-27T02:19:35Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Malhar-2 (4D5B1L2c) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.505, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.131 & 28. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43905 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Malhar-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 528 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 464 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 8 ha is covered by rock outcrops and 58 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 8 soil series and 10 soil phases (management units) and 6 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 464 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 6 per cent of area is shallow (25-50 cm), 7 per cent of area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 41 per cent of area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep (75-100 cm), 32 per cent of area is deep (100 - 150 cm) and 1 per cent of area is very deep (>150 cm). About 16 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 48 per cent loamy soils and 24 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Non gravelly (<15%) soils cover an entire area of the microwatershed. About 30 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 6 per cent is medium (51-100 mm/m), 45 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) and 6 per cent area is very low (<50 mm/m). About 86 per cent area in the microwatershed is under very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands and 1 per cent area has nearly level (0-1%) lands. Maximum area of about 86 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded and 1 per cent area is slightly eroded (e1). About 28 per cent area is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8), 16 per cent area is moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4), 6 per cent area is strongly alkaline (pH 8.4-9.0), 2 per cent area is very strongly alkaline (pH >9.0) in soil reaction (pH) and 36 per cent is under neutral (pH 6.5-7.3). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is <2 dsm- 1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 34 per cent area is medium (0.5-0.75%), 47 per cent is low (<0.5%) and 6 per cent area is high (>0.75%) in organic carbon content of the soil. About 51 per cent of area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus content of the soil and 36 per cent of area is high (>57 kg/ha) in the microwatershed. Available potassium content is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of 83 per cent and medium (0.5-0.1 ppm) in an area of 5 per cent in the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 197 (37) 221 (42) Guava - 219 (41) Maize 219 (41) 199 (38) Sapota - 219 (41) Bajra 219 (41) 199 (38) Pomegranate - 373 (70) Groundnut 176 (33) 176 (33) Musambi 154 (29) 219 (41) Sunflower 154 (29) 219 (41) Lime 154 (29) 219 (41) Redgram - 380 (72) Amla 219 (41) 192 (36) Bengal gram 154 (29) - Cashew - 188 (35) Cotton 154 (29) 43 (8) Jackfruit - 219 (41) Chilli 219 (41) 192 (36) Jamun - 154 (29) Tomato 219 (41) 38 (7) Custard apple 342 (65) 69 (13) Brinjal 219 (41) 38 (7) Tamarind - 154 (29) Onion 219 (41) 38 (7) Mulberry - 219 (41) Bhendi 219 (41) 192 (36) Marigold 219 (41) 192 (36) Drumstick - 373 (70) Chrysanthemum 219 (41) 192 (36) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Malhar-2 is located at North latitude 160 40’1.668” and 160 38’ 14.295” and East longitude 770 13’ 28.993” and 770 12’ 8.121” covering an area of about 528.27 ha coming under Mallara village of Yadagiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Malhar-2 micro watersheds of Malhar sub-watershed, Yadgir taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 34 farmers were sampled in Malhar-2 micro-watershed among households surveyed 11 (32.35%) were marginal, 14 (41.18%) were small, 8 (23.53 %) were semi medium and 1 (2.94 %) were medium farmers. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 103 (60.59%) men and 67 (39.41 %) were women. The average population of marginal farmers was 4.36, small farmers were 5.42, semi medium farmers were 5.37 and medium farmers were 3. Majority of the respondents (43.53%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 72.35 per cent illiterates, 24.12 per cent pre university education and 1.18 per cent attained graduation. About, 91.18 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 2.94 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 58.24 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 85.29 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.94 per cent possess pucca house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 70.59 per cent possess TV, 11.76 per cent possess mixer grinder, 91.18 per cent possess mobile phones and 17.65 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 61.76 per cent of the households possess plough, 5.88 per cent possess tractor, 67.65 per cent possess bullock cart and 11.76 per cent possess sprayer. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 17.65 per cent possess local cow and 5.88 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.28, women available in the micro watershed was 1.91, hired labour (men) available was 12.29 and hired labour (women) available was 11.85. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 88.43 per cent (50.53 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 11.57 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 4.00 live bore wells among the sampled households. 2 Bore/open well was the major source of irrigation for 11.76 per cent of the households. The major crops grown by sample farmers are Redgram, Cotton, Paddy, Groundnut and Greengram and cropping intensity was recorded as 80.26 per cent. Per hectare cost of cultivation for Redgram, Cotton, Paddy, Groundnut and Greengram was Rs.36321.69, 43194.00, 172227.21, 87200.05 and 45226.56 with benefit cost ratio of 1:0.92, 1: 2.70, 1: 0.70, 1: 1.80 and 1:2.50 respectively. Further, 82.35 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 50.00 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 110853.53 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 88647.65 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 10 horticulture trees and 91 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Regarding marketing channels, 89.24 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants. Further, 89.24 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (41.18%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 38.24 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 94.12 per cent of the households and 2.94 per cent households has LPG connection. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 58.82 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 55.88 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 100.00 per cent of the households possessed BPL card. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%), pulses (44.12%) and oilseeds (14.71%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (88.24%) wild animal menace on farm field (50.00%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (82.35%), inadequacy of irrigation water (8.82%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (85.29%), high rate of interest on credit (44.12%), low price for the agricultural commodities (73.53%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (97.06%), inadequate extension services (5.88%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (67.65%), Less rainfall (11.76%) and Source of Agri-technology information (Newspaper/ TV/Mobile) (11.76%). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 505; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MALHAR-2 (4D5B1L2c) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.131 & 28. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru. | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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505.Malhar-2_(4D5B1L2c).pdf | 13.83 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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