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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-27T02:22:32Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-27T02:22:32Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Yadgir Rf-2 (4D2D6D2b) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS &LUP Sujala MWS Publ.486, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. P.135 & 35. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43910 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Yadgir Rf-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 752 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 426 ha (57%) ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, about 66 ha (9%) by rock outcrops, whereas 244 ha (33%) by forest and about 16 ha (2%) by others (Habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 10 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 6 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. An entire cultivated area of about 57 per cent is suitable for agriculture in the microwatershed. About 2 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are deep (100- 150 cm), whereas 17 per cent soils are moderately deep (75-100 cm), about <1 per cent soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm) and 36 per cent soils are very shallow and shallow (<25-50 cm) in the microwatershed. About 11 percent soils are sandy, 39 percent soils are loamy and 7 per cent is clayey soils at the surface. An area of about 18 per cent is non gravelly (<15%) soils, about 25 per cent soils are gravelly (15-35%) and 13 per cent soils are very gravelly (35-60%) in the microwatershed. About 2 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 12 per cent area of the microwatershed is medium (101-150 mm/m) and about 42 per cent soils are low (51-100 mm/m) and very low (<50mm/m) in available water capacity. An area of about 37 percent is very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands, about 19 percent is gently sloping (3-5% slope) lands and about <1 per cent soils are nearly level (0-1% slope) lands in the microwatershed. Maximum area of about 46 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded, about 10 per cent is severely (e3) eroded and about <1 per cent are slightly (e1) eroded lands in the microwatershed. An area of about 29 per cent is slightly acid (pH 6.0- 6.5), about 24 per cent is neutral (6.5-7.3) and about 3 per cent is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) in the microwatershed. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non-saline. An area of 54 per cent is high (>0.75%) and 3 percent is medium (0.50-0.75%) in organic carbon content. An area of about 21 percent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 36 percent soils are high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. Available potassium content is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available sulphur content is medium (10-20 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of about 13 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in about 44 per cent soils. Available iron content is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc content is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 4 per cent area and 52 per cent sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 25(4) 128(17) Guava - 144(19) Maize 7(<1) 124(17) Sapota - 129(17) Bajra 7(<1) 146(19) Pomegranate - 147(20) Groundnut - 135(18) Musambi 3(<1) 144(19) Sunflower 3(<1) 144(19) Lime 3(<1) 144(19) Redgram - 147(20) Amla 7(<1) 146(19) Bengal gram 25(3) 21(3) Cashew - - Cotton 18(2) 28(4) Jackfruit - 129(17) Chilli - 138(18) Jamun - 18(2) Tomato 7(<1) 131(18) Custard apple 73(10) 80(11) Brinjal 10(1) 143(19) Tamarind - 18(2) Onion 58(8) 80(11) Mulberry - 129(17) Bhendi 58(8) 95(13) Marigold - 153(20) Drumstick - 147(20) Chrysanthemum - 153(20) Mango - 3(<1) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fiber and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc. Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel to generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 77(55.40%) men and 62 (44.60%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.2, marginal farmers’ was 3.7, small farmers’ was 4.3 and semi medium farmers’ was 4.5. The data indicated that, 26 (18.71 %) people were in 0-15 years of age, 66 (47.48 %) were in 16-35 years of age, 43 (30.94%) were in 36-60 years of age and 4 (2.88%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Yadgiri Rf-2 had 51.08 per cent illiterates, 20.86 per cent of them had primary school, 1.44 per cent of them had middle school, 12.23 per cent of them had high school education, 5.76 per cent of them had PUC, 0.72 per cent of them had ITI and masters and 2.16 per cent of them had Degree education. The results indicate that, 85.29 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture and 14.71 per cent of the household heads were agricultural labourers. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 21.58 per cent of the household members, 59.71 per cent were agricultural labourers, 15.83 per cent were students and 2.88 per cent were children. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 17.65 per cent of the households possess Thatched house, 76.47 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 5.88 per cent of them possess pucca/RCC. The results show that 58.82 per cent of the households possess TV, 32.35 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder, 17.65 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 29.41 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 79.41 per cent of the households possess mobile phones and 2.94 per cent of the households possess computer/ laptop. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 4,150, mixer/grinder was Rs. 1,000, bicycle was Rs. 7,333, motor cycle was Rs. 36,500, mobile phone was Rs. 1,570 and computer/laptop was Rs.2,000. About 2.94 per cent of the households possess bullock cart and tractor, 26.47 per cent of them possess plough, 5.88 per cent of them possess Seed/Fertilizer Drill, 11.76 per cent of them possess sparyer and 58.82 per cent of them possess weeder. The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 20,000, plough was Rs. 2,208, seed/fertilizer drill was Rs. 2,750, tractor was Rs. 3000,000, sprayer was Rs. 2,850, and the average value of weeder was Rs.24. The results indicate that, 35.29 per cent of the households possess bullocks and 2.94 per cent of the households possess buffalo. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed and average own labour (women) available was 1.32, average hired labour (men) available was 7.06 and average hired labour (women) available was 7.97. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Yadgiri Rf-2 micro-watershed possess 29.26 ha (95.56%) of dry land and 1.36 ha (4.44%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 9.75 ha (100%) of dry land. Small farmers possess 15.05 ha (91.72%) of dry land and 1.36 ha (8.28%) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 4.45 ha (100%) of dry land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 369,013.70 and the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 882,142.88. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 563,926.94 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 298,790.32 for dry land and Rs. 882,142.88 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 179,636.36 for dry land. The results indicate that, there were 1de-functioning and 2 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 5.88 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 4.12 meters. The results indicate that small farmers had an irrigated area of 1.36 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (18.38 ha), groundnut (4.09 ha), cotton (2.96 ha), Paddy (2.17 ha), green gram (1.3 ha) and sorghum (1.69 ha). Marginal farmers have grown red gram, groundnut, paddy and sorghum. Small farmers have grown red gram, groundnut, cotton, green gram and paddy. Semi medium farmers have grown red gram and groundnut. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Yadgiri Rf-2 micro-watershed was found to be 100 per cent. The results indicate that, 67.65 per cent of the households have bank account and savings. The results indicate that, 67.65 per cent of the households have availed credit from different sources. The results indicate that, 4.35 per cent of the households have borrowed from grameena bank and SHGs/CBOs. The results indicate that, the average credit amount borrowed by households in micro-watershed was Rs, 1,521.74. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of the households borrowed from institutional sources for the purpose of agricultural production. 3 The results indicated that 100 per cent of the households did not repay their loan borrowed from institutional sources. The results indicated that 100 per cent of the households did not repay their loan borrowed from private sources. The results indicate that, around 100 per cent opined that the loan amount borrowed from helped to perform timely agricultural operations. The results indicate that, around 100 per cent opined that the loan amount was high rate of interest. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Cotton was Rs. 20406.65. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 44974.58. The net income from Cotton cultivation was Rs. 24567.93. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.2. The total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 32636.63. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 23156.25. The net income from green gram cultivation was Rs. -9480.38. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.71. The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 33014.07. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 42105.09. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 9091.02. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.28. The total cost of cultivation for Red gram was Rs. 33653.19. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 46257.47. The net income from Red gram cultivation was Rs. 12604.28. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.37. The total cost of cultivation for Sorghum was Rs. 26876.85. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 26399.54. The net income from Sorghum cultivation was Rs. -477.31. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.98. The total cost of cultivation for Paddy was Rs. 51353.96. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 70297.25. The net income from Paddy cultivation was Rs. 18943.30. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.37. The results indicate that, 23.53 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 45,000 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 81,210.71, for small farmers it was Rs. 74,203.85 and semi medium farmers it was Rs. 185,250. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 5,555.47. For landless households it was Rs. 2,000, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 2,740.99, for small farmers it was Rs. 2,789.40 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 52,125. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 4 mango tree in their field. The results indicate that, households have planted 2 teak, 25 Neem and 4 tamarind trees in their field and also 5 neem and 1 tamarind trees in their backyard. 4 The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 617.65 for land development, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 12,941.18 for irrigation facility, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 323.53 for improved crop production and households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 58.82 for improved livestock management. The results indicated that government subsidy was the source of additional investment for 2.94 per cent each for irrigation facility. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 17.65 per cent each for land development, 8.82 per cent for improved crop production and 2.94 per cent for improved livestock management. The results indicated that, cotton was sold to the extent of 56.52 per cent, Green gram and sorghum was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, Groundnut was sold to the extent of 90.91 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 95 per cent and red gram to the extent of 94.35 per cent. The results indicated that, about 26.47per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchants and 58.82 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated market. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 82.35 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 79.41 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 88.24 per cent of the households used firewood as a source of fuel and 11.76 per cent of the households used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 67.65 per cent of the households in the micro watershed and 32.35 per cent of the households used bore well. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 58.82 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL cards. The results indicated that, 64.71 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals and pulses were adequate for 94.12 per cent of the households, oilseed were adequate for 47.06 per cent of the households, vegetables were adequate for 29.41 per cent, fruits were adequate for 41.18 per cent, Milk were adequate for 17.65 per cent, Eggs were adequate for 20.59 per cent and meat were adequate for 26.47 per cent. 5 The results indicated that, cereals were inadequate for 2.94 per cent of the households, pulses were inadequate for 5.88 per cent, oilseeds were inadequate for 50 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 67.65 per cent, fruits and milk were inadequate for 52.94 per cent, Egg were inadequate for 79.41 per cent and meat were inadequate for 67.65 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the was the constraint experienced by 88.84 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (82.35%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (61.76%), Inadequacy of irrigation water (23.53%), High rate of interest on credit (17.65%), High cost of Fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (38.24%), Low price for the agricultural commodities and lack of marketing facilities in the area and lack of transport for safe transport of the Agril produce to the market (20.59%), | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 486; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADGIR RF-2 (4D2D6D2b) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | P.135 & 35. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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486.Yadgir Rf-2_(4D2D6D2b).pdf | 18.54 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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