KRISHI
ICAR RESEARCH DATA REPOSITORY FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
(An Institutional Publication and Data Inventory Repository)
"Not Available": Please do not remove the default option "Not Available" for the fields where metadata information is not available
"1001-01-01": Date not available or not applicable for filling metadata infromation
"1001-01-01": Date not available or not applicable for filling metadata infromation
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43960
Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADALAPUR (4D5B1B1a) MICROWATERSHED Gurumitkal Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Yadalapur (5D5B1B1a) Microwatershed, Gurumitkal Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.317, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.133 & 39. |
Series/Report no.: | 317; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Yadalapur Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 693 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 665 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and 27 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 9 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 6 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 27 per cent area are very shallow to shallow (<25 to 50 cm), 25 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 13 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep (75-100 cm) and 32 per cent area are deep to very deep (100 to >150 cm). About 3 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy, 10 per cent area in loamy and 83 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Maximum of 63 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%) and 33 per cent is gravelly (15-35%). About 31 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 12 per cent area medium (101-150 mm/m), 26 per cent area low (51- 100 mm/m) and 27 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Maximum of 94 per cent area in the microwatershed is nearly level to very gently sloping (1-3% slope) and 2 per cent area is gently sloping (3-5%) lands. An area of about 93 per cent area in the microwatershed is moderately (e2) eroded and 3 per cent area is severely (e3) eroded lands. An area of about 90 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction and 6 per cent soils is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About <1 per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon and high (>0.75%) in 96 per cent area. 5 per cent area is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus, 38 per area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 53 per cent area is low (<23 kg/ha). About 35 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium and 61 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 18 per cent and medium (10 - 20 ppm) in 78 per cent. About 14 per cent area is low (<0.5 ppm) in available boron and 82 per cent is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm). Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. About 77 per cent area is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in available zinc and 19 per cent is sufficient (>0.6 ppm). The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 218(31) 251(36) Guava - 134(19) Maize - 468(68) Sapota - 79(11) Bajra - 468(68) Pomegranate - 297(43) Groundnut - 106(15) Musambi 163(24) 134(19) Sunflower 163(24) 134(19) Lime 163(24) 134(19) Redgram - 297(43) Amla - 468(68) Bengal gram 218(31) 180(26) Cashew - - Cotton 218(31) 180(26) Jackfruit - 79(11) Chilli - 414(60) Jamun - 218(31) Tomato - 414(60) Custard apple 242(35) 226(33) Brinjal - 468(68) Tamarind - 218(31) Onion 71(10) 179(26) Mulberry - 79(11) Bhendi 71(10) 397(57) Marigold - 469(68) Drumstick - 297(43) Chrysanthemum - 469(68) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 89 (55.63%) men and 70 (43.75%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.3, marginal farmers’ was 5.2, small farmers’ was 3.8, semi medium farmers’ was 4.1 and medium farmers’ was 5.3. The data indicated that, 23 (14.37%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 67 (41.88 %) were in 16-35 years of age, 56 (35%) were in 36-60 years of age and 14 (18.75%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Yadalapur had 41.25 per cent illiterates, 15.63 per cent of them had primary school, 3.13 per cent of them had middle school, 199.38 per cent of them had high school education, 5 per cent of them had PUC, 0.63 per cent of them had diploma, 1.25 per cent of them had ITI and 11.88 per cent of them had degree education. The results indicate that, 41.67 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture and agricultural laborers, 5.56 per cent of the household heads were General Labour and 2.78 per cent of the household’s heads were private service and housewives. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 10 per cent of the household members, 51.88 per cent were agricultural laborers, 1.88 per cent were in general labour and children, 3.75 per cent were private service, 21.25 per cent were student and 6.88 per cent were housewives. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 2.78 per cent of the households possess thatched and pucca/RCC house and 97.22 per cent of the households possess katcha house. The results show that 97.22 per cent of the households possess TV, 19.44 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder, 44.44 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 5.56 per cent of the households possess landline phone, 88.89 per cent of the households possess mobile phones and 2.78 per cent of the households possess computer/laptop. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 5,828, mixer/grinder was Rs. 1,928, motor cycle was Rs. 47,687, landline phone was Rs.4,000, mobile phone was Rs. 1,970 and computer/laptop was Rs. 1,500. About 13.89 per cent each of the households possess bullock cart and weeder,19.44 per cent of the households possess Plough, 2.78 per cent of the households possess sprayer, harvester and chaff cutter, 13.89 per cent of the households possess weeder. 2 The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 24,600, plough was Rs. 6,750, sprayer was Rs. 3,000, weeder was Rs. 70, harvester was Rs. 400 and the average value of Harvester was Rs. 300. The results indicate that, 22.22 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 5.56 per cent of the households possess local cow and 2.78 per cent of the households possess crossbreed and Buffalo. The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.27, average own labour (women) available was 1.21, average hired labour (men) available was 8.64 and average hired labour (women) available was 9.76. The results indicate that, 36.11 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate and 55.56 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was inadequate. The results show that, 2.5 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has migrated. The results show that, average distance of migration was 813 kms and average duration of migration was 10 months. The results show that, job/wage/work are the main purpose of migration for 75 per cent of the population in micro-watershed and education of the children are the purpose of migration for 25 per cent of the population in micro-watershed. The results indicate that, households of the Yadalapur micro-watershed possess 60.55 ha (95.84%) of dry land, 2.23 ha (3.52%) of irrigated land and 0.4 ha (0.64%) of permanent fallow land. Marginal farmers possess 7.37 ha (100 %) of dry land. Small farmers possess 13.57 ha (97.1%) of dry land and 0.40 ha (2.9%) of permanent fallow land. Semi medium farmers possess 22.1 ha (90.85%) of dry land and 2.23 ha (9.15%) of irrigated land. Medium farmers possess 17.52ha (100%) of dry land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 240,136.02, the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 449,090.91 and the average value of permanent fallow land was Rs.12.35. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 477,714.96 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 214,150.92 for dry land and the average value was Rs.12.35. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 199,952.38 for dry land and Rs. 449,090.91 for irrigated land. In case of medium farmers, the average land value was Rs. 211,062.36 for dry land. The results indicate that, there were 2 functioning and de-functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 5.56 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 4.23 meters. 3 The results indicate that, semi medium farmers had an irrigated area of 2.23 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (44.43 ha), groundnut (5.34 ha), sorghum (3.8 ha), green gram (2.02 ha), cotton (1.21 ha), paddy (1.01 ha) and black gram (0.97 ha). Marginal farmers have grown red gram, groundnut and black gram. Small farmers have grown red gram, groundnut and cotton. Semi medium farmers have grown red gram, groundnut, sorghum, green gram and paddy. Medium farmers have grown red gram. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Yadalapur micro-watershed was found to be 100 per cent. The results indicate that, 88.89 per cent of the households have bank account and 61.11 per cent of the households have savings. The results indicate that, 47.22 per cent of the households have availed credit from different sources. The results indicate that, 12 per cent of the households have borrowed from commercial bank and 24 per cent of the households have borrowed from grameena bank. The results indicate that, the average credit amount borrowed by households in micro-watershed was Rs, 15,848. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of the households borrowed from institutional sources for the purpose of agricultural production. The results indicated that 100 per cent of the households not paid their loan borrowed from institutional sources. The results indicate that, 88.89 per cent opined that the loan amount borrowed from helped to perform timely agricultural operations and 11.11 per cent opined that forced to sell the produce at low price to repay loan in time. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for Cotton was Rs. 24388.89. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 86450. The net income from Cotton cultivation was Rs. 62061.11. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:3.54. The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 26727.27. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 43177.22. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 16449.95. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.62. The total cost of cultivation for Red gram was Rs. 36400.55. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 50754.90. The net income from Red gram cultivation was Rs. 14354.34. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.39. The total cost of cultivation for Sorghum was Rs. 11389.23. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 21525.05. The net income from Sorghum cultivation was Rs. 10135.83. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.89. 4 The total cost of cultivation for Paddy was Rs. 42391.02. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 42128.32. The net income from Paddy cultivation was Rs. -262.70. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.99. The total cost of cultivation for Green gram was Rs. 16015.11. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 39520. The net income from Green gram cultivation was Rs. 23504.89. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.47. The total cost of cultivation for Black gram was Rs. 22486.40. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 65866.66. The net income from Black gram cultivation was Rs. 43380.27. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.93. The results indicate that, 22.22 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate, 8.33 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was inadequate and 2.78 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was inadequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 53,333.33 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 48,700, for small farmers it was Rs. 75,410, semi medium farmers it was Rs. 152,200 and medium farmers it was Rs. 176,666.67. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 15,249.85. For landless households it was Rs. 16,666.67, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 6,033.33, for small farmers it was Rs. 5,755, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 9,611.11 and medium farmers it was Rs. 95,000. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 15 mango tree in their field. The results indicate that, households have planted 77 neem, 3 tamarind and 16 acacia trees in their field. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 5,805.56 for land development, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 5,805.56 for improved crop production, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 13.89 for improved livestock management and households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 361.11 for orchard development/ maintenance. The results indicated that government subsidy was the source of additional investment for 41.67 per cent for land development. Own funds was the source of additional investment for 33.33 per cent for land development, 22.22 per cent for improved crop production, 2.78 per cent for improved livestock management and 5.56 per cent for orchard development/ maintenance. The results indicated that, balck gram, cotton green gram, sorghum and paddy was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, groundnut was sold to the extent of 95.24 per cent and Redgram was sold to the extent of 86.68 per cent. 5 The results indicated that, about 25 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchant, 63.89 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated markets and 2.78 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to cooperative marketing society. The results indicated that, 72.22 per cent of the households have used tractor and 22.22 per cent of the households have used truck as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 88.89 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 86.11 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 11.11 per cent have adopted field bunding, Summer Ploughing and dead furrow, 8.33 per cent have adopted mulching, contour cultivation and combination of deep and shallow root crops. The results indicated that, 77.78 per cent of the households used firewood and 22.22 per cent of the households used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 44.44 per cent of the households in the micro watershed and bore well was the source of drinking water for 52.78 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 97.22 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 47.22 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 97.22 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL cards. The results indicated that, 55.56 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 69.44 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 41.67 per cent, oilseed were adequate for 47.22 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 75 per cent, fruits were adequate for 19.44 per cent, milk were adequate for 36.11 per cent and egg were adequate for 13.89 per cent. The results indicated that, cereals were inadequate for 27.78 per cent of the households, pulses were inadequate for 55.56 per cent, oilseeds were inadequate for 47.22 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 22.22 per cent, fruits and meat were inadequate for 58.33 per cent, milk were inadequate for 36.11 per cent and egg were inadequate for 77.78 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the was the constraint experienced by 86.11 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (72.22%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (27.78%), Inadequacy of irrigation water (50 %), high cost of fertilizer and plant protection chemicals 6 (58.33%), high rate of interest on credit (38.89%), low price for the agricultural commodities (80 %), inadequacy extension service (68.57 %), lack of marketing facilities in the area (55.56%), Inadequate extension services (41.67%), Lack of transport for safe transport of the Agril produce to the market (47.22 %), less rainfall (36.11%) and Source of Agri-technology information(8.33%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.133 & 39. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43960 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
317. Yadalapur_(1B1a).pdf | 21.98 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in KRISHI are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.