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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C.,B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-27T05:13:13Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-27T05:13:13Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C.,B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Danda Cheruvu-2 (4D5B1B1d) Microwatershed, Gurumitkal Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.319, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.133 & 28. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43980 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Danda Cheruvu-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 665 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 646 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 12 ha by rock outcrops and 6 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 9 soil series and 16 soil phases (management units) and 7 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 22 per cent area are very shallow to shallow (<25 to 50 cm), 40 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately shallow (50-75 cm) and 36 per cent area are moderately deep to deep (75 - 150 cm). About 8 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy, 15 per cent area in loamy and 74 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Maximum of 89 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%) and 9 per cent is gravelly (15-35%). About 25 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 42 per cent area medium (101-150 mm/m), 44 per cent area low (51-100 mm/m) and 21 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Entire area in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. Entire area in the microwatershed has moderately (e2) eroded lands. An area of about 91 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction and 6 per cent soils is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 67 per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon and high (>0.75%) in 30 per cent area. 1 per cent area is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus, 46 per area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 50 per area is low (<23 kg/ha). About 97 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium and <1 per cent is low (<145 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 21 per cent and medium (10 -20 ppm) in 76 per cent. About 24 per cent area is low (<0.5 ppm) in available boron and 73 per cent is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm). Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 21(3) 439(66) Guava - 27(4) Maize 17(3) 485(73) Sapota - 27(4) Bajra 17(3) 443(67) Pomegranate - 194(29) Groundnut - 27(4) Musambi 167(25) 27(4) Sunflower 4(<1) 189(29) Lime 167(25) 27(4) Redgram - 193(29) Amla 17(3) 444(67) Bengal gram 167(25) 294(44) Cashew - 17(3) Cotton 167(25) 294(44) Jackfruit - 27(4) Chilli - 298(45) Jamun - 167(25) Tomato 17(3) 281(42) Custard apple 194(29) 267(40) Brinjal 21(3) 440(66) Tamarind - 167(25) Onion - 294(44) Mulberry - 27(4) Bhendi 4(<1) 456(69) Marigold - 460(69) Drumstick - 193(29) Chrysanthemum - 460(69) Mango - 4(<1) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 101 (58.05%) men and 73 (41.95%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.4, marginal farmers’ was 5, small farmers’ was 5.42 and semi medium farmers’ was 4.75. The data indicated that, 28 (16.09%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 80 (45.98%) were in 16-35 years of age, 55 (31.61%) were in 36-60 years of age and 11 (6.32%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Dandacheruvu-2 had 58.05 per cent illiterates, 1.15 per cent functional literates, 8.05 per cent of them had primary school education, 2.30 per cent of them had middle school education, 14.37 per cent of them had high school education, 8.62 per cent of them had PUC education, 0.57 per cent did ITI and 2.87 per cent of them had degree education. The results indicate that, 82.86 per cent of households were practicing agriculture, 14.29 per cent of the households were agricultural labourers and 2.86 per cent of them were general labour. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 61.49 per cent of the household members, 6.90 per cent were agricultural laborers, 2.87 per cent were general labourers, 0.57 per cent were in private service, 22.99 per cent were students, 2.30 per cent were housewives and 2.87 per cent were children. The results show that 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 28.57 per cent of the households possess thatched house, 51.43 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 20 per cent of them possess pucca house. The results show that 65.71 per cent of the households possess TV, 28.57 per cent of the households possess Mixer grinder, 2.86 per cent of the households had refrigerator, 2.86 per cent of them had bicycle, 34.29 per cent of the households possess motor cycle and 74.29 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs.9043, mixer grinder was Rs.1920, refrigerator was Rs.9000, bicycle was Rs.2000, motor cycle was Rs.56666 and mobile phone was Rs.3535. The results indicated that no households possessed farm implements in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, 11.43 per cent of the households possess bullocks and 2.86 per cent of the households possess local cow. The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.26, average own labour (women) available was 1.68, average 2 hired labour (men) available was 10.33 and average hired labour (women) available was 9.52. The results indicate that, 88.57 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Dandacheruvu-2 micro-watershed possess 31.23 ha (98.72%) of dry land and 0.40 ha (1.28%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 12.43 ha (96.85%) of dry land and 0.40 ha (3.15%) of irrigated land. Small farmers possess 9.28 ha (100%) of dry land. Semi medium farmers also possess 9.52 ha (100%) of dry land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 891,517.63 and average value of irrigated land was Rs. 1,976,000. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 3,258,264.89 for dry land and Rs. 4,882,629.11 for irrigated land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 1,903,948.43 for dry land. And in case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 1,115,821.92 for dry land. The results indicate that, there was 1 functioning bore well in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 2.86 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 3.05 meters. The results indicate that, marginal farmers had an irrigated area of 0.40 ha. The results indicate that, farmers have grown cotton (8.47 ha), greengram (9.73 ha), groundnut (3.32 ha), paddy (4.16 ha) and redgram (10.19 ha). Marginal and small farmers have grown cotton, Greengram, groundnut, paddy and redgram. Semi medium farmers have grown cotton and Greengram. Medium farmers have grown paddy and redgram. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Dandacheruvu-2 microwatershed was found to be 100 per cent. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for redgram was Rs. 38935.18. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 92512.94. The net income from Redgram cultivation was Rs. 53577.75, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.38. The total cost of cultivation for Paddy was Rs. 115103.96. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 135850. The net income from Paddy cultivation was Rs. 20746.04. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.18. The total cost of cultivation for sorghum was Rs. 29745.78. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 90618.12. The net income from sorghum cultivation was Rs. 60872.35. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:3.05. 3 The results indicate that, 8.57 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and another 8.57 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 61,400 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 109,684.21, for small farmers it was Rs. 136,857.14 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 226,750. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 10,639.41. For landless households it was Rs. 8,600, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 5,837.64, for small farmers it was Rs. 10,959.18 and for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 35,437.50. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 6 custard apple trees in their field. The results indicate that, households have planted 52 neem and 2 tamarind tree in their field. The results indicated that, all crops were sold to the extent of 100 per cent. The results indicated that, about 77.14 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchants and 8.57 per cent of them sold in regulated markets. The results indicated that, 85.71 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation for their agricultural produce. The results indicated that, 5.71 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 85.71 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 94.29 per cent of the households used firewood and 5.71 per cent used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.14 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 71.43 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL card. The results indicated that, 94.29 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 97.14 per cent, oilseeds were adequate for 5.71 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 31.43 per cent, fruits were adequate for 37.14 per cent, milk was adequate for 100 per cent, eggs were adequate for 100 per cent and meat was adequate for 97.14 per cent. 4 The results indicated that, oilseeds were inadequate for 94.29 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 68.57 per cent, fruits were inadequate for 62.86 per cent and meat was inadequate for 2.86 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint experienced by 85.71 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (77.14%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (85.71%), inadequacy of irrigation water (88.57%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (85.71%), high rate of interest on credit (85.71%), low price for the agricultural commodities (82.86%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (14.29%), inadequate extension services (2.86%) and lack of transport for safe transport of agricultural produce to the market. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 319; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DANDA CHERUVU-2 (4D5B1B1d) MICROWATERSHED Gurumitkal Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.133 & 28. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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319. Danda Cheruvu-2_(1B1d).pdf | 16.37 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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