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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT NALLA CHERUVU (4D5B6D1c) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Nalla cheruvu (4D5B6D1c) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS &LUP Sujala MWS Publ.417, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.131 & 30. |
Series/Report no.: | 417; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Nalla Cheruvu Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 584 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 516 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and 68 ha by others (habitation and water body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 6 soil series and 11 soil phases (management units) and 5 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 27 per cent area are very shallow to shallow (<25 - 50 cm), 28 per cent area are moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 6 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep (75-100 cm) and 27 per cent area are deep to very deep (100 to >150 cm). About 8 per cent area in the microwatershed has loamy and 81 per cent clayey soils at the surface. About 65 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (<15%) and 23 per cent is gravelly (15-35%). About 27 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 2 per cent area medium (101-150 mm/m), 32 per cent area low (51- 100 mm/m) and 27 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Entire area of the microwatershed has very gently sloping lands. An area of about 86 per cent area in the microwatershed is moderately (e2) eroded and 2 per cent area is slight (e1) eroded lands. An area of about 44 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3), 36 per cent is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) and 8 per cent is moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of entire soils of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 42 per cent of the soils are medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon and high (>0.75%) in 47 per cent area. 83 per cent area is low (<23 kg/ha) in available phosphorus and 5 per area is medium (23-57 kg/ha). About 52 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium and 36 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha). Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 54 per cent, medium (10 -20 ppm) in 34 per cent and low (<10 ppm) in 1 per cent. About 84 per cent area is low (<0.5 ppm) in available boron and 5 per cent is medium (0.5-1.0 ppm). Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in all the soils of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 117 (70.91%) men and 48 (29.9%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.4, marginal farmers’ was 4.9, small farmers’ was 5, semi medium farmers’ was 4.5 and medium farmers were 5. The data indicated that, 21 (12.73%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 72 (43.64%) were in 16-35 years of age, 63 (38.18%) were in 36-60 years of age and 9 (5.45%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Nalla Cheruvu had 48.88 per cent illiterates, 10.91 per cent of them had Primary School, 0.61 per cent of them had Middle School and masters, 15.15 per cent of them had High School, 7.27 per cent of them had PUC education, 6.6 per cent of them had ITI and 10.30 per cent of them had Degree education. The results indicate that, 85.29 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture, 14.71 per cent of the household heads were agricultural laborers and 5.88 per cent of the household’s heads were government services. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 57.58 per cent of the household members, 99 per cent were agricultural laborers and private services, 1.21 per cent were in Household government services, 0.61 per cent were trade and business. 21.21 per cent were in student and 1.21 per cent were housewives. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in local institution. The results indicate that 5.88 per cent of the households possess Thatched house, 64.71 per cent of the households possess Katcha house and 29.41 per cent of them possess pucca/RCC house. The results show that 94.12 per cent of the households possess TV, 64.71 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder, 2.94 per cent of the households possess refrigerator, 8.82 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 32.35 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 5.88 per cent of the households possess auto and 82.35 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 9,000, mixer/grinder was Rs. 1,968, refrigerator was Rs. 8,000, bicycle was Rs. 11,500, Motor Cycle was Rs. 35,625, auto was Rs. 117,500 and mobile phone was Rs. 3,253. About 2.94 per cent of the households possess bullock cart, 38.24 per cent of them possess plough, 17.65 per cent of them possess seed/ fertilizer drill, 8.82 per cent of them possess Sprayer and 70.59 per cent of them possess weeder. 2 The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 30,000, plough was Rs. 1,576, seed/ fertilizer drill was Rs. 4,050, Sprayer was Rs. 1,333 and the average value of weeder was Rs. 52. The results indicate that, 47.6 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 29.41 per cent of the households possess local cow, 2.94 per cent of the households possess buffalo, sheep and goat and 5.88 per cent of the households possess poultry birds. The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 2.21, average own labour (women) available was 0.93, average hired labour (men) available was 9.34 and average hired labour (women) available was 77. The results indicate that, 85.29 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Nalla Cheruvu micro-watershed possess 28.76 ha (28.80%) of dry land and 3.34 ha (10.41%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 8.91 ha (100%) of dry land. Small farmers possess 14.94 ha (96.70%) of dry land and 0.51 ha (3.3%) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 4.9 ha (100%) of dry land. Medium farmers possess 2.83 ha (100%) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 1,117,513.38 and the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 388,740.92. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 1,340,440.50 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 1,177,464.81 for dry land and Rs. 1,372,222.23 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 529,867.99 for dry land. Medium farmers, the average land value were Rs. 211,714.29 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 2 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 5.88 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 6.28 meters. The results indicate that, small and medium farmers had an irrigated area of 0.51 ha and 2.83 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (21.78 ha), paddy (2.83 ha), green gram (2.15 ha), sorghum (1.23 ha) and cotton (0.45 ha). The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Nalla Cheruvu micro-watershed was found to be 95.87 per cent. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for red gram was Rs. 71717.25. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 83647.68. The net income from red gram cultivation was Rs. 11930.43. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.17. 3 The total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 53453. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 54751.57. The net income from green gram cultivation was Rs. 1298.57. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:12. The total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs. 20566.59. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 23994.29. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. 3427.69. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.17. The total cost of cultivation for Sorghum was Rs. 43061.38. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 31178.69. The net income from Sorghum cultivation was Rs. -11882.69. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.72. The total cost of cultivation for Cotton was Rs. 51426.86. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 72776.79. The net income from Cotton cultivation was Rs. 21349.92. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.42. The results indicate that, 47.6 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 186,000 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 124,642.86, for small farmers it was Rs. 97,916.67, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 100,000 and medium farmers it was Rs. 99,000. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 25,117.30. For landless farmers it was Rs. 64,400 for marginal farmers it was Rs. 21,862.24, for small farmers it was Rs. 9,409.72, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 22,500 and medium farmers it was Rs. 68,000. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 144 custard apple, 3 jackfruit and 1 lemon trees in their field. The results indicate that, households have planted 4 Teak, 32 neem and 1 tamarind trees in their field and also 9 neem trees in their backyard. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 14,470.59 for land development. The results indicated that loan from bank was the source of additional investment for 23.53 per cent for land development. Own funds was the source of additional investment for 41.18 per cent for land development. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 17.65 per cent for land development. The results indicated that, Cotton was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, green gram was sold to the extent of 72.97 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 40 per cent, Sorghum was sold to the extent of 16.67 per cent, and red gram to the extent of 90.4 per cent. The results indicated that, about 2.94 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to agent/ traders, 82.35 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchants. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation. 4 The results indicated that, 82.35 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 82.35 per cent of the households used firewood and 17.65 per cent of them used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.6 per cent of the households in the micro watershed and Bore Well was the source of drinking water for 2.94 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 97.6 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL cards. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 88.24 per cent, vegetables and milk were adequate for 94.12 per cent, fruits were adequate for 14.71 per cent, Egg and meat were adequate for 47.22 per cent. The results indicated that, cereals were inadequate for 2.94 per cent of the households, pulses were inadequate for 11.76 per cent, oilseed were inadequate for 100 per cent, vegetables and milk were inadequate for 5.88 per cent and fruits were inadequate for 82.35 per cent. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil and high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals was the constraint experienced by 85.29 per cent of the households, Wild animal menace on farm field (82.35%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (58.82%), Lack of marketing facilities in the area (14.71%), inadequacy of irrigation water and (2.94%), Low price for the agricultural commodities (41.18%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.131 & 30. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/43995 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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417.Nalla cheruvu (4D5B6D1c).pdf | 15.96 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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