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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-27T07:33:58Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-27T07:33:58Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land resource inventory and socioeconomic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Yadgir Rf- 2 (4D5B2H1e) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.483, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.131 & 33 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/44091 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Yadgir RF2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 662 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 341 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 203 ha by rock outcrops and 119 ha by others (habitation and water bodies). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 7 soil series and 10 soil phases (management units) and 5 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 341 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 33 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are deep to very deep (100 - >150 cm) and 20 per cent soils are very shallow to moderately deep (<25-100 cm). About 1 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 14 per cent loamy soils and 36 per cent clayey soils. Non gravelly (<15%) soils covered in 50 per cent of area and gravelly (15-35%) soils covered in 1 per cent of area in the microwatershed. About 10 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 31 per cent area low (51-100 mm/m) and 11 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. An area of 51 per cent has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands, <1 per cent has gently sloping (3-5%) lands in the microwatershed. An area of about <1 per cent is severely eroded (e3) and 51 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded. An area of 20 per cent is slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) and 31 per cent is moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 51 per cent area of the microwatershed is high (>0.75%) in organic carbon content and medium (0.5-0.75%) in <1 per cent area of the microwatershed. About 47 per cent area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 5 per cent is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. An area 43 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) and 8 per cent is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium in the microwatershed. Available sulphur is medium (10-20 ppm) in 27 per cent, high (> 20 ppm) in 9 per cent and low (<10 ppm) in 16 per cent of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in 27 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 25 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 51 per cent and sufficient (> 0.6 ppm) in <1 per cent of area in the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 114(17) Guava - 51(8) Maize 51(8) 63(10) Sapota - 51(8) Bajra 51(8) 63(10) Pomegranate - 114(17) Groundnut 51(8) - Musambi - 114(17) Sunflower - 114(17) Lime - 114(17) Redgram - 114(17) Amla 51(8) - Bengal gram - 63(10) Cashew 51(8) - Cotton - 63(10) Jackfruit 51(8) - Chilli 51(8) 63(10) Jamun - - Tomato 51(8) - Custard apple 51(8) 63(10) Brinjal 51(8) - Tamarind - - Onion 51(8) - Mulberry - 51(8) Bhendi 51(8) 63(10) Marigold 51(8) 63(10) Drumstick - 51(8) Chrysanthemum 51(8) 63(10) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and sub marginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 109 (46.38%) men and 126 (53.62%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 5, marginal farmers’ was 7.60, small farmers’ was 6.09, semi medium farmers’ was 7.56 and medium farmers’ was 4. The data indicated that, 75 (31.91%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 91 (38.72%) were in 16-35 years of age, 51 (21.70%) were in 36-60 years of age and 18 (7.66%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Yadgir Rf-2 had 47.66 per cent illiterates, 24.26 per cent of them had primary school education, 4.68 per cent of them had middle school education, 5.53 per cent of them had high school education, 4.68 per cent of them had PUC education, 1.28 per cent did diploma, 0.43 per cent did ITI, 2.13 per cent of them had degree education and 0.43 per cent of the population did Masters. The results indicate that, 62.86 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture, 14.29 per cent of the household heads were agricultural labourers, 2.86 per cent of the household heads were general labour, 5.71 per cent of the household heads were in private service and 14.29 per cent of them were housewives. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 37.02 per cent of the household members, 8.09 per cent were agricultural laborers, 3.40 per cent were in general labour, 5.11 per cent were private service, 25.96 per cent were students, 11.91 per cent were housewives and 8.51 per cent were children. The results show that, only 2.55 per cent of the population of the member of self-help group and 97.45 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 2.86 per cent of the households possess Thatched house, 68.57 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 28.57 per cent of them possess pucca/RCC house. The results show that 37.14 per cent of the households possess TV, 2.86 per cent of the households possess DVD/VCD player, 2.86 per cent of the households possess motor cycle and 91.43 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs.4923, DVD/VCD player was Rs.2000, motor cycle was Rs.35000 and mobile phone was Rs.1738. About 8.57 per cent of the households possess bullock cart, 51.43 per cent of them possess plough, 51.43 per cent of them possess seed/fertilizer drill, 2.86 per cent of them possess power tiller, 2.86 per cent them possess tractor, 51.43 per cent of them possess sprayer, 2.86 per cent them possess sprinkler and 62.86 per cent of them possess weeder. The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs.13333, plough was Rs.4294, seed/fertilizer drill was Rs.2305, power tiller was Rs.45000, the average 2 value of tractor was Rs.600000, the average value of sprayer was Rs.2800, the average value of sprinkler was Rs.750 and the average value of weeder was Rs.34. The results indicate that, 42.86 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 37.14 per cent of the households possess local cow, 5.71 per cent of the households possess buffalo, 2.86 per cent of the households possess goat and sheep, 5.71 per cent of the households possess pigs and 14.29 per cent of them possess poultry birds. The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.52, average own labour (women) available was 1.72, average hired labour (men) available was 14.20 and average hired labour (women) available was 14.07. The results indicate that, 85.71 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Yadgir Rf-2 micro-watershed possess 34.97 ha (77.58%) of dry land and 10.11 ha (22.42%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 7.58 ha (100%) of dry land. Small farmers possess 10.96 ha (79.72%) of dry land and 2.79 ha (20.28%) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 16.43 ha (78.55%) of dry land and 4.49 ha (21.45%) of irrigated land. Medium farmers possess 2.83 ha (100%) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 512,320.64 and the average value of irrigated land was Rs. 548,779.02. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 903,336.90 for dry land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 508,314.87 for dry land and Rs. 860,377.38 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 334,605.91 for dry land and the average land value was Rs 512,263.29 of irrigated land. In case of medium farmers, the average land value was Rs. 299,928.57 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 7 functioning and 1 de-functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 20 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 15.24 meters. The results indicate that, small and semi-medium farmers had an irrigated area of 4 ha and 4.51 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (33.46 ha), cotton (14.62 ha), green gram (3.32 ha), sorghum (3.94 ha), paddy (2.55 ha) and groundnut (4.02 ha). Marginal farmers have grown redgram, cotton, greengram and sorghum. Small and semi medium farmers have grown redgram, cotton, greengram, paddy, groundnut and sorghum. Medium farmers have grown cotton and groundnut. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Yadgir Rf-2 micro-watershed was found to be 71.84 per cent. The results indicate that, 71.43 per cent of the households have bank account. 3 The results indicate that, 82.86 per cent of the households have availed credit from different sources. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for cotton was Rs. 37211.68. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 46708.71. The net income from cotton cultivation was Rs. 9497.03, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.26. The total cost of cultivation for red gram was Rs. 30058.46. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 46409.71. The net income from red gram cultivation was Rs. 16351.25. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.54. The total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 63850.55. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 54824.47. The net income from green gram cultivation was Rs. -9026.08. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.86. The total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs. 56642.37. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 96014.68. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. 39372.31. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.7. The total cost of cultivation for sorghum was Rs. 26707.95. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 25174.14. The net income from sorghum cultivation was Rs. - 1533.80. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.94. the total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 29783.82. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 44142.04. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 14358.22. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.48. The results indicate that, 42.86 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 2.86 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 146990 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 106,680.50, for small farmers it was Rs. 164,785, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 255,094.44 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 147,000. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 24,668.79. For landless households it was Rs. 39,812.50, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 6,127.78, for small farmers it was Rs. 8,908.26, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 49,432.10 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 100,000. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 1 mango tree in their field. The results indicate that, households have planted 8 acacia, 2 banyan and 81 neem trees in their fields. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1,428.67 for land development, Rs. 5,142.86 for irrigation facility Rs. 285.71 for improved crop production. The results indicated that loan from bank was the source of additional investment for 2.86 per cent for land development and for 11.43 per cent of irrigation facility. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 2.86 per cent for land development, 2.86 per cent for irrigation facility and 2.86 per cent for improved crop production. 4 The results indicated that, cotton was sold to the extent of 96.18 per cent, green gram was sold to the extent of 85.53 per cent, groundnut was sold to the extent of 77.45 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 96.61 per cent, red gram to the extent of 88.65 per cent and sorghum to the extent of 82.81 per cent. The results indicated that, about 154.29 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchants. The results indicated that, 151.43 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation for their agricultural produce and 2.86 per cent have used cart as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 85.71 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 91.43 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 80 per cent of the households used firewood and 22.86 per cent of them used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.14 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 65.71 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 94.29 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL and 5.71 per cent of the households did not possess any PDS card. The results indicated that, 68.57 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 97.14 per cent, oilseeds were adequate for 25.71 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 71.43 per cent, milk was adequate for 94.29 per cent and eggs were adequate for 11.43 per cent. The results indicated that, pulses were inadequate for 2.86 per cent of the households, oilseeds were inadequate for 74.29 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 28.57 per cent, fruits were inadequate for 100 per cent, milk was inadequate for 2.86 per cent, eggs were inadequate for 85.71 per cent and meat was inadequate for 97.14 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint experienced by 88.57 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (88.57%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (82.86%), inadequacy of irrigation water (37.14%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (88.57%), low price for the agricultural commodities (82.86%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (80%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (51.43%) and inadequate extension services (8.57%). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 483; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADGIR RF-2 (4D5B2H1e) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.131 & 33. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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483.Yadgir Rf-2 (4D5B2H1e).pdf | 17.19 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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