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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MAILAPUR (4D5B1J1d) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Mailapur (4D5B1J1d) Microwatershed, Yadgir Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.272, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.125 & 33. |
Series/Report no.: | 272; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Mailapur Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 174 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 122 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 35 ha by rock outcrops and about 16 ha by others (habitation and water bodies). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 5 soil series and 8 soil phases (management units) and 5 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 61 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep to very deep (75 - >150 cm) and 10 per cent soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm). About 19 per cent area in the microwatershed has loamy soils, 2 per cent sandy soils and 50 per cent clayey soils. About 66 per cent area is non gravelly (<15%) and 5 per cent is gravelly (15- 35%). About 20 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity, 39 per cent area low (51-100 mm/m) and 12 per cent area very low (<50 mm/m) in available water capacity. Entire area of microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about <1 per cent is severely (e3) eroded, 70 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded. An area of about 22 per cent soils are neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction, 45 per cent soils are slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8) and 3 per cent soils are moderately alkaline (pH 7.8-8.4). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire area of the microwatershed is dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 6 per cent area is medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon content and 64 per cent high (>0.75). About 3 per cent area is low (<23kg/ha), 68 per area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and <1 per cent is high (>57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About an area of 6 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) is low and 65 per cent medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is medium (10 -20 ppm) in entire area of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an entire area of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the whole area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in entire area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 34(20) 69(39) Guava - 52(30) Maize - 103(59) Sapota - 52(30) Bajra - 123(71) Pomegranate - 86(50) Groundnut - 83(47) Musambi - 86(50) Sunflower 1(<1) 86(50) Lime - 86(50) Redgram - 52(30) Amla 86(50) 37(21) Bengal gram 34(20) 69(39) Cashew - 52(30) Cotton 34(20) 69(39) Jackfruit - 52(30) Chilli - 103(59) Jamun - 34(20) Tomato - 69(39) Custard apple 86(50) 37(21) Brinjal 86(50) 37(21) Tamarind - 34(20) Onion 52(30) 37(21) Mulberry - 72(41) Bhendi 86(50) 37(21) Marigold - 103(59) Drumstick - 106(61) Chrysanthemum - 103(59) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and sub marginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Mailapur is located at North latitude 160 45' 2.399” and 160 44’ 7.414” and East longitude 770 14’ 58.725'' and 770 13’ 44.826” covering an area of about 484.18 ha coming under Mylapura and Hakagera villages of Yadgiri taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Mailapur micro watersheds of Haligeri sub-watershed, Yadgiri taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 36 total respondents, 8 (22.22 %) were marginal, 16 (44.44%) were small and 7 (19.44 %) were Semi medium farmers. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 132 (62.56%) men and 79 (37.44 %) were women. Majority of the respondents (52.61%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 60.19 per cent illiterates, 8.53 per cent of them had primary school education, 9.48 per cent middle school education, 10.90 per cent high school education, 5.21 per cent of them had PUC education, 2.84 per cent attained graduation About, 25.00 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 58.33 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 26.54 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 69.44 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 19.44 per cent possess pucca house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 38.89 per cent possess TV, 11.11 per cent possess mixer grinder, 77.78 per cent possess mobile phones and 5.56 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 41.67 per cent of the households possess plough, 2.78 per cent possess tractor, 13.89 per cent possess bullock cart and 19.44 per cent possess sprayer. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 22.22 per cent possess local cow and 16.67 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own men and women labour availability in the micro watershed was 8.47 each, while the hired labour (men) availability was 2.08. Further, 27.78 per cent of the households opined that hired labour was inadequate during the agricultural season. In the study area, about 5.21 per cent of the respondents migrated from the micro watershed in search of jobs with an average distance of 1204.00 kms for about 10.60 months. 2 Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 73.35 per cent (36.95 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 26.65 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 9.00 live bore wells and 8.00 dry bore wells among the sampled households. Bore/open well was the major source of irrigation for 27.78 per cent of the households. The major crops grown by sample farmers are Sorghum, Red gram, Cotton, Green gram and Paddy and cropping intensity was recorded as 97.77 per cent. Out of the sample households 80.56 percent possessed bank account and 38.89 per cent of them have savings in the account. About 38.89 per cent of the respondents borrowed credit from various sources. Among the credit borrowed by households, 35.71 per cent have borrowed loan from commercial banks and 14.29 per cent from co-operative/Grameena bank. Majority of the respondents (92.31%) have borrowed loan for agriculture purpose. Regarding the opinion on institutional sources of credit, 61.54 per cent of the households opined that credit helped to perform timely agricultural operations, while, only 30.46 per cent respondents opined that loan amount was adequate to fulfil their requirement. The per hectare cost of cultivation for Sorghum, Red gram, Cotton, Green gram and Paddy was Rs.35389.85, 23614.96, 54124.28, 29600.52 and 40141.37 with benefit cost ratio of 1:0.90, 1: 2.20, 1: 2.40, 1: 2.20 and 1:1.90 respectively. Further, 16.67 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 2.78 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 127463.89 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 77919.44 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 1 horticulture trees and 45 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 888.89 for land development. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 11.11 per cent depends on own funds for land development activities. Regarding marketing channels, 66.67 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants, while, 19.44 per cent have sold in regulated markets. Further, 61.11 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (69.44%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 80.56 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. 3 Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 83.33 per cent of the households and 8.33 per cent households has LPG connection. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 97.22 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 86.11 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 97.22 per cent of the households possessed BPL card and 2.78 per cent of the household’s possessed APL card. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (91.67%), pulses (88.89%) and oilseeds (36.11%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (83.33%) wild animal menace on farm field (66.67%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (80.56%), inadequacy of irrigation water (61.11%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (77.78%), high rate of interest on credit (44.44%), low price for the agricultural commodities (77.78%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (58.33%), inadequate extension services (22.22%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (66.67%), Less rainfall (2.78%) and Source of Agri-technology information (Newspaper/ TV/Mobile) (2.78%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.125 & 33. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/44093 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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272. Mailpur (4D5B1J1d).pdf | 16.79 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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