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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-12-27T07:46:54Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-12-27T07:46:54Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Sutar Hosalli (4D5B1H1c) Microwatershed, Hattakuni Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.278, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.115 & 28. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | Not Available | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/44109 | - |
dc.description | Not Available | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The land resource inventory of Sutar Hosalli Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 378 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 8 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils. An area about 367 ha in the microwatershed is covered by rock outcrops and about 3 ha by others (habitation and water bodies). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 2 soil series and 2 soil phases (management units) and 2 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire cultivated area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 2 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep (75 -100 cm) and less than 1 per cent soils are very shallow (<25 cm). About <1 percent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, and 2 per cent clayey soils at the surface. About <1 percent area in the microwatershed has gravelly (15-35%)soils and 2 percent area non gravelly (<15%) soils About 2 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m) and <1 per cent area very low (<51 mm/m) in available water capacity. About 2 per cent area of the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands. An area of about 2 per cent is moderately (e2) eroded in the microwatershed. An area of about <1 per cent soils are neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction and 2 per cent soils are slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.8). An area of about 2 per cent soils are <2 dsm-1 in Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the microwatershed, which indicates that the soils are non-saline. About 2 per cent of soils is medium (0.5-0.75%) in organic carbon About 2 per cent of soils is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus About 2 percent of the soils are medium (145-337kg/ha)in available potasium. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in an area of about 2 per cent in the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in an area of about 2 per cent in the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in an area of about 2 per cent in the microwatershed Available manganese is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in an area of about 2 per cent in the microwatershed Available coper is sufficient (>0.2ppm) in an area of about 2 per cent in the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in an area of <1 per cent and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) is 2 per cent area of microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 6(2) Sapota - 6(2) Maize - 6(2) Pomegranate - 6(2) Bajra - 6(2) Musambi - 6(2) Groundnut - 6(2) Lime - 6(2) Sunflower - 6(2) Amla - 6(2) Redgram - 6(2) Cashew - - Bengal gram - - Jackfruit - 6(2) Cotton - - Jamun - - Chilli - 6(2) Custard apple 6(2) - Tomato - 6(2) Tamarind - - Drumstick - 6(2) Mulberry - 6(2) Mango - - Marigold - 6(2) Guava - 6(2) Chrysanthemum - 6(2) Brinjal - 6(2) Bhendi 6(2) - Onion 6(2) - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fiber and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel to generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 93(50.54%) men and 91 (49.46%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 3.25, marginal farmers’ was 5.31, small farmers’ was 6.11, semi medium farmers were 5.11 and medium farmers’ was 1. The data indicated that, 62 (33.70%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 63(34.24%) were in 16-35 years of age, 47 (25.54%) were in 36-60 years of age and 12 (6.52%) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Sutar Hosalli had 53.26 per cent illiterates, 23.37 per cent of them had primary school education, 5.98 per cent of them had middle school education, 6.52 per cent of them had high school education, 3.80 per cent of them had PUC education and 1.09 per cent did degree. The results indicate that, 86.11 per cent of households were practicing agriculture, 2.78 per cent of the households were agricultural labourers and 8.33 per cent of the households were general labour. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 48.91 per cent of the household members, 2.72 per cent were agricultural and general labourers, 32.61 per cent were students, 5.98 per cent were housewives and 6.52 per cent were children. The results show that 0.54 per cent of the population has participated in raitha sangha and 99.46 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 11.11 per cent of them possess katcha and pucca house and 77.78 per cent of the households possess katcha house and pucca/ RCC. The results show that 77.78 per cent of the households possess TV, 2.78 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 27.78 per cent of the households possess motor cycle and 88.89 per cent of the household possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs. 6,928, bicycle was Rs. 1,500, motor cycle was Rs. 48,000 and mobile phone was Rs. 1,644. About 27.78 per cent of the households possess bullock cart, 36.11 per cent of the households possess plough, 5.56 per cent of them were in seed/fertilizer drill, 33.33 per cent of them possess sprayer, 8.33 per cent of them possess sprinkler and 58.33 per cent of them possess weeder. The results show that the average value of bullock cart was Rs. 17,100, plough was Rs. 3,538, seed/fertilizer drill was Rs. 3,250, sprayer was Rs.2,941, sprinkler was Rs. 5000 and the average value of weeder was Rs.30. The results indicate that, 41.67 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 16.67 per cent of the households possess local cow, 13.89 per cent of them possess buffalo and 8.33 per cent of them possess goat. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.72 average own labour (women) available was 1.47, average hired labour (men) available was 8.63 and average hired labour (women) available was 8.66. The results indicate that 88.89 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was adequate. The results indicate that, households of the Sutar Hosalli micro-watershed possess 27.34 ha (68.31%) of dry land and 12.68 ha (31.69%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 8.05 ha (98.51%) of dry land and 0.12 ha (1.49%) of irrigated land. Small farmers possess 6.27 ha (61.83%) of dry land and 3.87 ha (38.17%) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 13.02 ha (69.18%) of dry land and 5.80 ha (30.82%) of irrigated land. Medium farmers possess 2.89 ha (100%) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 420,503.33 and average value of irrigated land was Rs. 685,673.27. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs 807,189.54 for dry land and Rs. 3,293,333.20 for irrigated land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 334,645.17 for dry land and Rs. 1,058,202.74 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 222,730.10 for dry land and Rs. 603,279.84 for irrigated land. In case of medium farmers, the average land value was Rs. 242,156.87 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 10 de-functioning and 9 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, there were 2 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, 27.78 per cent of the bore well was the major source irrigation, 5.56 per cent of open well was the source of irrigation and 2.78 per cent of the tank was the major source of irrigation in micro watershed. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 13.55 meters, open well was found to be 1.82 meters and tank was found to be 0.85 meters. The results indicate that, marginal, small, semi medium farmers and medium farmers had an irrigated area of 1.30 ha, 3.67 ha, 7.02 ha and 2.89 respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (25.08 ha), cotton (9.88 ha), paddy (2.45 ha), groundnut (1.24 ha), sorghum (1.21 ha) and green gram (0.4 ha), and Marginal farmers have grown red gram, cotton, paddy and green gram. Small farmers had grown red gram, cotton, paddy and groundnut and sorghum. Semi medium farmers had grown red gram, cotton, paddy and sorghum. Medium farmers had grown red gram. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Sutar Hosalli micro-watershed was found to be 84.64 per cent. The results indicate that, 61.11 per cent of the households have bank account. 3 The results indicate that, 66.67 per cent of the households have availed credit from different sources. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 31053.04. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 37050. The net income from Green gram cultivation was Rs. 5996.96, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.19. The total cost of cultivation for Paddy was Rs. 51740.77. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 81266.63. The net income from Paddy cultivation was Rs. 29525.85. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.57. The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 66804.50. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 153326.42. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 86521.92. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.3. The total cost of cultivation for cotton was Rs. 52626.07. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 104228.98. The net income from cotton cultivation was Rs. 51602.92. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.98. The total cost of cultivation for red gram was Rs. 34674.25. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 57519.13. The net income from red gram cultivation was Rs. 22844.88. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.66. The results indicate that, 55.56 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 5.56 per of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The results indicate that the annual gross income was Rs. 76,250.00 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 101,638.46, for small farmers it was Rs. 151,400, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 204,977.78 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 299,500.00. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 13,096.50. For landless households it was Rs. 7,812.50, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 5,580.47, for small farmers it was Rs. 9,961.11, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 12,364.20 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 166,750. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 10 coconut, 25 custard apple and 10 mango trees in their field and 2 coconut, 13 custard apple,2 gauva and 3 lime in their backyard. The results indicate that, households have planted 17 teak, 29 neem trees, 3 tamarind, 20 acacia and 1 banyan tree in their field and 15 neem trees in their backyard. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 14,555.56 for land development and Rs. 7,055.56 for irrigation facility. The results indicated that Government subsidy was the source of additional investment for 5.56 per cent for irrigation facility. Loan from bank was the source of additional investment for 22.22 per cent for land development and for 11.11 per cent for irrigation facility. Own funds was the source of additional investment for 2.78 4 per cent for land development. Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 2.78 per cent for land development. The results indicated that, cotton was sold to the extent of 100 per cent, green gram was sold to the extent of 33.33 per cent, groundnut was sold to the extent of 57.45 per cent, paddy was sold to the extent of 30.11 per cent and red gram was sold to the extent of 70.24 per cent. The results indicated that, about 61.11 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village merchants and 36.11 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated market. The results indicated that, 97.22 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation for their agricultural produce. The results indicated that, 80.56 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 88.89 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 72.22 per cent of the households used firewood and 30.56 per cent used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 100 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 61.11 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL card. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals and pulses were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, oilseeds were adequate for 66.67 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 91.67 per cent, milk was adequate for 94.44 per cent and eggs were adequate for 5.56 per cent. The results indicated that, oilseeds were inadequate for 33.33 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 8.33 per cent, fruits and meat were inadequate for 100 per cent, milk were inadequate for 5.56 per cent, and egg was inadequate for 91.67 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil, wild animal menace on farm field, frequent incidence of pest and diseases and high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals was the constraint experienced by 88.89 per cent of the households, inadequacy of irrigation water (11.11%), (73.53%), high rate of interest on credit (91.67%), low price for the agricultural commodities (77.78%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (83.33%) and lack of transport for the safe transport of agricultural produce to the market (47.22%). | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.publisher | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 278; | - |
dc.subject | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project | en_US |
dc.title | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SUTAR HOSALLI (4D5B1H1c) MICROWATERSHED Hattakuni Hobli, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Not Available | en_US |
dc.type | Project Report | en_US |
dc.publication.projectcode | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.journalname | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.volumeno | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.pagenumber | p.115 & 28. | en_US |
dc.publication.divisionUnit | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru | en_US |
dc.publication.sourceUrl | Not Available | en_US |
dc.publication.authorAffiliation | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning | en_US |
dc.ICARdataUseLicence | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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278. Sutar Hosalli (4D5B1H1c).pdf | 25.78 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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