Seed source variation affects the growth, biomass, carbon stock, and climate resilience potential: A case study of Celtis australis in Indian Himalayas

Abstract

Climate change has adversely affected the tree species growth throughout the globe. In Indian Himalayas, Celtis australis is an important agroforestry tree species which is highly exploited for domestic use (fuel wood, fodder, and small timber), and thus the growth and biomass production linked to the species bears importance. However, growth, biomass, and carbon stock of C. australis can be improved if genetically superior planting material is used under agroforestry programmes. Therefore, seed source (SS) variation studies in C. australis were initiated to identify potential germplasm for improving the species productivity and climate resilience. Experimental results showed that genotypic variation for height, collar diameter, and total biomass were found higher than corresponding environmental variance after four years. In the field environment, highest plant growth was recorded in Tehri SS (Height: 4.88 m; Diameter: 9.69 cm) and Solan SS (Height: 4.81 m; Diameter: 8.64 cm), compared to rest of the seed sources. In contrast, least plant growth (Height: 3.46 m; Diameter 5.19 cm) was observed in Dehradun SS. Likewise, biomass production was assessed maximum (207 t ha 1) in Tehri SS and it was minimum (44 t ha 1) in Dehradun SS. In different seed sources, the estimated carbon stock and carbon sequestration was ranged between 33 103 t ha 1 and 99e381 t ha 1, respectively. Overall, growth, biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration confirmed the superiority of Tehri SS over rest of the SS, after four years of field experiment. Moreover, Tehri SS showed better mitigation and adaptation potential for changing climate compared to rest of the SS, because of its superiority in term of the growth performance, biomass production, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration. The results indicated that SS induced genetic variation has the tremendous potential to improve the productivity and climate change mitigation and adaptation in C. australis. Therefore, selection of genetically diverse seed sources and evaluation of their potential (adaptive and mitigate) could be one of the futuristic strategies for climate change related fine-tuning of agroforestry practices