Theileriosis prevalence status in cattle and buffaloes in India established by systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

The present study on theileriosis prevalence in cattle and buffaloes of India was reckoned by systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies on theileriosis prevalence reported during the period 1984–2019, were collected by using online databases, and offline literature and meta-analyses was done in R-Software. The theileriosis prevalence was 20% [95% level, CI 16–25%, PI 2–74%], obtained by using 70,688 samples. The increasing trend of theileriosis prevalence was observed in the recent period [2011–19] when compared to past years. A higher theileriosis prevalence in the Central zone [24%] than in other zones was observed. The state-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence in Puducherry and Assam. The method-wise breakdown revealed a higher prevalence by serology for India [39%] in comparison to other methods. Host species-wise scrutiny indicated a higher prevalence in cattle [22%] than buffaloes [14%]. Theileriosis was caused by Theileria (T.) annulata [21%], T. orientalis [16%], and T. species [17%] in India. The theileriosis prevalence established by systematic review and meta-analysis in the present study forms the first report from India to the best of our knowledge. It also documents a valuable literature resource on theileriosis prevalence studies in India. This study helps in identifying the theileriosis high-risk zones and states in India. It will help the policymakers and various stakeholders in decision making and wisely using the scarce resources available in implementing preventive strategies effectively. Further, theileriosis prevention can be employed by adopting effective therapeutic measures and vector control strategies, which will augment the profits to dairy farmers in India.