Climate Change Mitigation and Nanotechnology: An Overview

Abstract

Global climate change is one of the most pressing issues confronting the world today, resulting in decreased crop productivity and soil fertility. Plant physiology, morphology, and metabolism all suffer as a result of climate change. Several strategies for limiting environmental stress have been adopted to improve stress tolerance in plants through transgenic approaches and changes in overall genetic composition. Nanotechnology, a fast-growing science which is emerging, plays a vital role in agriculture in promoting positive changes in yield, chlorophyll content and gene expression in plants. Drought tolerance is boosted by nanoparticles, which increase root hydraulic conductance and water uptake while also showing a differential assortment of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction, ROS(Reactive oxygen sp.) removal, stress signalling, and hormonal mechanisms. Since nanoparticles, in their nature, are highly mobile, the nutrients can be easily transported to all the plant parts. Thus, the main idea behind writing this chapter is to find ways to increase the potential of plants in stressful conditions by using nano-preparations.