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Significance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to adapt to climate change in livestock

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Title Significance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to adapt to climate change in livestock
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Creator Binsiya TK, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Hyder I, Manimaran A, Lees AM, Gaughan JB and Bhatta R
 
Subject Adaptation, Adrenal, Climate change, HPA axis, Hypothalamus, Livestock, Glucocorticoid, Pituitary
 
Description Not Available
Climate, which includes many atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity,
wind speed and solar radiation can affect in many ways any animal’s ability to survive and
produce. Adaptation involves the technique to adapt a species to its environment. Biological
adaptation to thermal stress is accompanied by changes in protein, membrane lipid, and
metabolic rate. Production of heat shock protein (HSP) is a cellular and tissue defense response
to thermal stress. Hypothalamus, blood, thyroid, liver, lungs, heart, skin, cell and different axis
play an important role in the process of attaining homeostasis by the animal. Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, somatotrophic axis, lactotrophic axis, gonadotrophic axis and
thyrotropic axis are the different axis involved in adaptation. One of the best, consistent and
spontaneous response to stress is the activation of the HPA axis. The HPA axis get activated
when an animal receives stress through various sense organs. Activation of HPA results in
secretion of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland. Activation of pituitary component of HPA
axis can be mediated by several neuroendocrine hormones such as corticotropin releasing
hormone (CRH) and adreno corticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Secretion of steroids from the
adrenal cortex is stimulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary. The endocrine action of ACTH,
CRH and Vasopressin (VP) mediate glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex.
International Research Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences
Article Number: PRJA97540518
Copyright ©2017
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License.
Glucocorcoids activation plays a vital role in inducing hepatic gluconeogenesis to support the
adaptation process. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the synthesis of epinephrine from the adrenal
medulla. All these findings indicates the crucial role played by HPA axis in controlling the
neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate the complex adaptive responses of livestock to
environmental challenges.
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Date 2019-12-04T23:50:56Z
2019-12-04T23:50:56Z
2017-01-01
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Binsiya TK, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Hyder I, Manimaran A, Lees AM, Gaughan JB and Bhatta R. 2017. Significance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to adapt to climate change in livestock. International Research Journal of Agicultural and Food Sciences, 2:1-20.
1929-0969
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/27625
 
Language English
 
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Publisher Not Available