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Combined application of native Trichoderma isolates possessing multiple functions for the control of Fusarium wilt disease in banana cv. Grand Naine.

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Title Combined application of native Trichoderma isolates possessing multiple functions for the control of Fusarium wilt disease in banana cv. Grand Naine.
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Creator Thangavelu, R. and Gopi, M.
 
Subject Pathogens, screening, planting, metabolites, bananas, NRCB Research paper
 
Description Fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most devastating diseases of bananas in the
world (Ploetz & Pegg, 1997). After the emergence of a virulent form of Foc (VCG
01213/16), the disease is posing a serious threat to the multibillion-dollar banana
export industry and also to the livelihoods of small-scale banana growers (Ploetz,
*Corresponding author. Email: rtbanana@gmail.com
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2015
Vol. 25, No. 10, 1147–1164, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2015.1036727
© 2015 Taylor & Francis
Downloaded by [National Research Centre for Banana ] at 21:28 07 June 2015
2005). The fungus survives as chlamydospores in soil and on plant debris and infects
the host through the root hairs, root tips and natural wounds along the lateral root
base, colonising the vascular system of the rhizome and pseudostem. This induces
characteristic wilting symptoms (Blomme et al., 2011) both externally (yellowing and
wilting of leaves, longitudinal splitting in the pseudostem, etc.) and internally
(reddish-brown discoloration of vascular tissue) (Stover, 1962). Infected plants
generally do not produce a bunch and under severely diseased conditions the entire
plant dies.
In India, Fusarium wilt is considered as the major constraint to banana production
(Thangavelu et al., 2001) and is ranked as No.1 banana disease (Molina & Valmayor,
1999). At present, the disease has become widespread and destructive in almost all the
banana growing states of India and up to 95.5% of disease incidence was noticed
particularly in Tamil Nadu where a greater number of susceptible varieties are grown.
The important groups of banana affected by this disease are cvs. Silk (AAB),
Neypoovan (AB), Pisang Awak (ABB), Virupakshi (AAB), Bluggoe (ABB) and
Monthan (ABB). The cultivars such as Rasthali (Silk AAB) and Virupakshi (PomeAAB-Hill
banana) are threatened with extinction (Thangavelu et al., 2001), and the
total cultivation area of Rasthali (AAB) (Syn. Amritapani, Malbhog) has been
drastically reduced due to this wilt disease. For example, in Andhra Pradesh, the
farmers abandoned cultivation of the most susceptible cv. Amritapani (Silk-AAB) for
more than 20 years due to this disease
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is considered as a lethal disease of bananas worldwide. To manage the disease effectively, 20 rhizospheric and 43 endophytic Trichoderma isolates obtained from 12 different Foc resistant banana accessions were evaluated against Foc in vitro and in vivo. In vitro screening among Trichoderma isolates for their multiple functions (mycelial and spore germination inhibition, hydrogen cyanide, chitinolytic enzymes, non-volatile and volatile metabolites production) in suppressing Foc and promoting plant growth (IAA production and phosphate solubilization) indicated that the multiple bio-control actions were significantly higher in six isolates of rhizospheric Trichoderma and 10 isolates of endophytic Trichoderma compared to other isolates. The greenhouse evaluation of individual application of these rhizospheric and endophytic Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium wilt pathogen in cv. Grand Naine (AAA) indicated significant suppression of Fusarium wilt disease and increased plant growth characters as compared to Foc pathogen inoculated plants. However, none of these individual Trichoderma isolates recorded complete suppression of Fusarium wilt disease. Therefore the greenhouse evaluation involving combination of rhizospheric Trichoderma sp. NRCB3 + endophytic Trichoderma asperellum Prr2 recorded 100% reduction of Fusarium wilt disease and increased plant growth parameters up to 250% when compared to individual isolates application and Foc alone-inoculated plants. Further, the field evaluation of this combination of Trichoderma isolates applied for three times ((i). At the time of planting (ii) 2nd month after planting (iii) 4th month after planting) resulted in significant reduction of Fusarium wilt disease and also increase in bunch weight as compared to untreated control plants. Therefore, these Trichoderma isolates may be used in combination for the effective suppression of Fusarium wilt disease in banana.
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Date 2017-01-04T11:33:43Z
2017-01-04T11:33:43Z
2015-05-18
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier 0
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/1037
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher  Biocontrol Science and Technology