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The first genetic map and positions of major fruit trait loci of bitter melon (Momordica charantia)

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Title The first genetic map and positions of major fruit trait loci of bitter melon (Momordica charantia)
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Creator Backiyarani S, S.,Singh,J.,Elanchezian,R. and Abbott,A.G.
 
Subject First Genetic Map, Fruit Trait, Loci of Bitter Melon, Momordica charantia, Banana, ICAR NRCB, Research Paper 2012
 
Description Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) also known as bitter gourd,
balsam pear, bitter cucumber, and African cucumber is traditionally
cultivated both for food vegetable and medicine in the tropical and
subtropical areas of Asia, Amazon, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Albeit
such importance, it still remains as an underutilized or orphan crop
and no serious efforts have been made for elucidation of its genome
or its genetic improvement.
M. charantia is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 22) with a 1C DNA content
of 2.05 pg and an estimated physical length of 2005 Mbp/1C [1]. The
genome size is more than twice the genome size of other cucurbits
(880 Mbp/1C for cucumis sativus, 440 Mbp/1C for Citrullus vulgaris, 929
Mbp/1C for cucumis melo, 538 Mbp/1C cucurbita pepo) and 6.8 times
the size of the Arabidopsis thaliana (0.3 pg and 295.6 Mbp/1C) genome
[2,3]. In contrast to popular cucurbits such as melon, watermelon
and cucumber, there is no genetic linkage map for bitter melon and
obviously no information on map positions of horticulturally desirable
traits, particularly those related to fruit quality and yield.
Nonetheless, reports are available on the use of molecular markers
including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR),
and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) for assessment of genetic
diversity and population stratification (4-10). Earlier observations
evidenced for limited variation with regard to several fruit traits inter
se the genotypes belonging to each of the two botanical varieties
M. charantia var. charantia and M. charantia var. muricata but highly
contrasting variation between them [7,8,10]. These two botanical
varieties differ contrastingly with regard to shape, size [11], and many
other qualitative and quantitative traits [7,8,10]. However, there is a need
to map these traits for their precise breeding using molecular markers.
For this purpose, we used an F2
mapping population derived from
a cross between two parents belonging to the two botanical varieties
mentioned above and a set of AFLP markers to construct the first
genetic linkage map for bitter melon. We localized the genetic loci
controlling five qualitative and five quantitative traits, eight of which
are economically important fruit traits.
Albeit extensive cultivation of bitter melon both as vegetable and medicine in many countries of Asia, Africa, and South America, no serious efforts have been made for genetic and breeding studies on this 'orphan' crop. In contrast to popular cucurbits, it lacks a genetic linkage map as required for genomic depiction and precise breeding. We report here on the construction of the first genetic linkage map of bitter melon using a set of 146 F2 progenies derived from an inter-botanical variety cross between Taiwan White, Momordica charantia var. charantia, and CBM12, M. charantia var. muricata. This map consists of 108 AFLP markers and five qualitative trait loci dispersed over 11 linkage groups spanning a total distance of 3060.7 cM. The five qualitative traits mapped include fruit color, fruit luster, fruit surface structure, stigma color, and seed color; all of which exhibited monogenic segregation except seed color which showed digenic (9:7) mode of inheritance. Besides, twelve quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling five polygenic fruit traits including length, diameter, weight, number, and yield were detected on five linkage groups that individually explained 11.1 to 39.7% of the corresponding total phenotypic variance. This map will be useful in marker-assisted breeding of these fruit traits and future mapping of genes/QTLs controlling phytomedicines content exhibiting contrasting variation between the parents.
 
Date 2017-01-12T10:03:27Z
2017-01-12T10:03:27Z
2012-04-01
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier 7
2050-2389
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/1373
 
Language English
 
Publisher Journal of Plant Science & Molecular Breeding