Advances in cassava based multiple cropping systems
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Title |
Advances in cassava based multiple cropping systems
Not Available |
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Creator |
Ravi, V., Suja, G., Saravanan, R. and Sanket J. More
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Subject |
Cassava, multiple cropping, intercropping, sequential cropping, crop rotation, legumes, oilseeds
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Description |
Not Available
Achieving food and nutritional security in the midst of a relentless increase in population, rising costs of energy, changes in diet preferences, economic development, and climate risks are major global challenges faced by producers, scientists, policy makers, and governments. It is projected that 70% more food needs to be produced by 2050 in a sustainable manner. Sustainable intensification of crop production, from limited resources, aims for a combination of food and nutritional security, ecological sustenance, and economical productivity. Worldwide, although the sole‐cropping practices of large‐scale modern agriculture produce sufficient food currently to feed the population, significant social and environmental impacts have occurred, including a disparity between food actually produced and food that needs to be consumed as an integral part of a healthy diet, a reduction in biodiversity, decreased resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield instability. Crop diversification within multiplecropping and intercropping systems provides an alternate, sustainable crop production method with the potential to significantly reduce ecological impact and maximize productivity and nutritional security. Cassava is considered to be a “climate‐smart” crop that can yield well in challenging environments. Cassavabased multiple‐cropping systems, which represent a diversification of cropping methods, have been evaluated and practiced by farmers in developing countries in Africa and Asia. They include the best combinations of crops with different morpho‐phenological features that ensure the efficient and judicious use of land, nutrients, and water resources. Such cropping systems offer maximum total factor productivity and ecosystem services, besides food production,in a sustainable manner. In a previous review published in 2004, crop husbandryand agrotechniques for cassava‐based multiple‐cropping systems involving several ephemerals such as legumes (cowpea, peanut, soybean, mungbean, pigeonpea, vegetable legumes, and others), cereals (rice, maize), and vegetables (okra) with cassava; intercropping cassava under plantations (coconut); and relay/sequential cropping involving cassava were reviewed. The present review describes advances made in crop husbandry and agrotechniques for cassavabased multiple‐cropping systems that have subsequently been evaluated. In addition to the short‐season crops mentioned above, sorghum, bottle gourd, and dwarf pigeonpea could be successfully intercropped with cassava. Nevertheless, other crops, such as onion, cluster bean, garlic, tomato, pearl millet, and chili, are yet to be evaluated in an intercropping system. Cassava could be cultivated successfully under coconut, banana, and rubber plantations. As expected, yields of cassava as well as the associate crops were reduced in intercropping systems, sometimes significantly, compared to the sole‐crop yields, primarily due to the reduction in plant population, mutual shading, and competition for nutrients in intercropping. Nevertheless, yield loss in individual components is often compensated by total factor productivity in the intercropping system. Hence, cassava‐based multiple/intercropping systems have been shown to be efficient and productive with significant economic advantage and total factor productivity. Differences occur in the growth duration of the main and associate crops in cassava‐based intercropping systems. However, evaluation of the efficiency and productivity of an intercropping system can be achieved through estimation of area × time equivalent ratio (ATER) rather than land equivalent ratio (LER). Most of the crops and varieties used in cassava‐based multiple‐cropping studies have involved varieties that had been developed for sole cropping. Genotype versus cropping system interaction and differences in combining ability may result in inconsistencies or variation in location and regional varietal performance under different agroecosystems. Therefore, varieties with traits that are beneficial for complex multiple cropping with maximum complementary effect and minimum crop competition may boost productivity in intercropping. The effect of intercropping on pest and disease incidence has been little studied and warrants further investigation. Fertilizers have been applied to cassava and associate crops without assessing the innate nutrient status of the soil, resulting in negative environmental impacts. Varieties with high nutrient use efficiency and soil test–based site‐specific nutrient management may reduce negative environmental impacts. Although the allelopathic effect of leachates from cassava leaves on crops has been reported, further research on the allelopathic interaction between the various components in cassava‐based intercropping systems is needed. Not Available |
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Date |
2021-07-20T04:23:23Z
2021-07-20T04:23:23Z 2021-04-02 |
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Type |
Research Paper
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Identifier |
Not Available
Not Available http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/48953 |
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Language |
English
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Relation |
Not Available;
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Publisher |
John Wiley & Sons
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