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Advances in cassava based multiple cropping systems

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Title Advances in cassava based multiple cropping systems
Not Available
 
Creator Ravi, V., Suja, G., Saravanan, R. and Sanket J. More
 
Subject Cassava, multiple cropping, intercropping, sequential cropping, crop rotation, legumes, oilseeds
 
Description Not Available
Achieving food and nutritional security in the midst of a relentless increase
in population, rising costs of energy, changes in diet preferences, economic
development, and climate risks are major global challenges faced by producers,
scientists, policy makers, and governments. It is projected that 70% more food
needs to be produced by 2050 in a sustainable manner. Sustainable intensification
of crop production, from limited resources, aims for a combination of food
and nutritional security, ecological sustenance, and economical productivity.
Worldwide, although the sole‐cropping practices of large‐scale modern
agriculture produce sufficient food currently to feed the population, significant
social and environmental impacts have occurred, including a disparity between
food actually produced and food that needs to be consumed as an integral part
of a healthy diet, a reduction in biodiversity, decreased resilience to biotic and
abiotic stresses, and yield instability. Crop diversification within multiplecropping
and intercropping systems provides an alternate, sustainable crop
production method with the potential to significantly reduce ecological impact
and maximize productivity and nutritional security. Cassava is considered to be a
“climate‐smart” crop that can yield well in challenging environments. Cassavabased
multiple‐cropping systems, which represent a diversification of cropping
methods, have been evaluated and practiced by farmers in developing countries
in Africa and Asia. They include the best combinations of crops with different
morpho‐phenological features that ensure the efficient and judicious use of
land, nutrients, and water resources. Such cropping systems offer maximum
total factor productivity and ecosystem services, besides food production,in a
sustainable manner. In a previous review published in 2004, crop husbandryand agrotechniques for cassava‐based multiple‐cropping systems involving
several ephemerals such as legumes (cowpea, peanut, soybean, mungbean,
pigeonpea, vegetable legumes, and others), cereals (rice, maize), and vegetables
(okra) with cassava; intercropping cassava under plantations (coconut); and
relay/sequential cropping involving cassava were reviewed. The present review
describes advances made in crop husbandry and agrotechniques for cassavabased
multiple‐cropping systems that have subsequently been evaluated. In
addition to the short‐season crops mentioned above, sorghum, bottle gourd, and
dwarf pigeonpea could be successfully intercropped with cassava. Nevertheless,
other crops, such as onion, cluster bean, garlic, tomato, pearl millet, and chili,
are yet to be evaluated in an intercropping system. Cassava could be cultivated
successfully under coconut, banana, and rubber plantations. As expected,
yields of cassava as well as the associate crops were reduced in intercropping
systems, sometimes significantly, compared to the sole‐crop yields, primarily
due to the reduction in plant population, mutual shading, and competition for
nutrients in intercropping. Nevertheless, yield loss in individual components
is often compensated by total factor productivity in the intercropping system.
Hence, cassava‐based multiple/intercropping systems have been shown to
be efficient and productive with significant economic advantage and total
factor productivity. Differences occur in the growth duration of the main and
associate crops in cassava‐based intercropping systems. However, evaluation
of the efficiency and productivity of an intercropping system can be achieved
through estimation of area × time equivalent ratio (ATER) rather than land
equivalent ratio (LER). Most of the crops and varieties used in cassava‐based
multiple‐cropping studies have involved varieties that had been developed for
sole cropping. Genotype versus cropping system interaction and differences
in combining ability may result in inconsistencies or variation in location
and regional varietal performance under different agroecosystems. Therefore,
varieties with traits that are beneficial for complex multiple cropping with
maximum complementary effect and minimum crop competition may boost
productivity in intercropping. The effect of intercropping on pest and disease
incidence has been little studied and warrants further investigation. Fertilizers
have been applied to cassava and associate crops without assessing the innate
nutrient status of the soil, resulting in negative environmental impacts.
Varieties with high nutrient use efficiency and soil test–based site‐specific
nutrient management may reduce negative environmental impacts. Although
the allelopathic effect of leachates from cassava leaves on crops has been
reported, further research on the allelopathic interaction between the various
components in cassava‐based intercropping systems is needed.
Not Available
 
Date 2021-07-20T04:23:23Z
2021-07-20T04:23:23Z
2021-04-02
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/48953
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher John Wiley & Sons