SUSTAINABLE CASSAVA PRODUCTION AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH SOIL-BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE FROM A LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT AND FIELD VALIDATION TRIAL IN AN ULTISOL OF KERALA, INDIA
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Title |
SUSTAINABLE CASSAVA PRODUCTION AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH SOIL-BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE FROM A LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT AND FIELD VALIDATION TRIAL IN AN ULTISOL OF KERALA, INDIA
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Creator |
K. Susan John1, C.S. Ravindran2, S.K. Naskar3, G. Suja4, K. Prathapan5 and James George6
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Subject |
Root yield, root quality, soil test-based fertilizer recommendation, B:C ratio, secondary and micronutrients
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Description |
Not Available
to increase the fertilizer use and economic efficiency. Soil nutrient availability is usually determined through soil testing, which provides information on the fertilizer requirement of a crop for that nutrient to achieve the crop production goal in addition to maintaining environmental quality. Cassava is a crop grown by resource-poor farmers with low inputs and the traditional practice of continuous application of manures and fertilizers, which has resulted in a considerable build-up of nutrients like P without significant increases in yield and quality of roots. An effort was therefore made to study the effect of application of manures and fertilizers based on the actual soil nutrient status under the long-term fertilizer experiment underway at ICAR-CTCRI since 1977. In the third phase of this long-term experiment, which was initiated in 2004, a soil test-based fertilizer recommendation (STBF) treatment was included. In this treatment, manure and fertilizer applications varied yearly as their requirements were based on the status of organic carbon and available N, P and K to determine the requirement of N, P and K fertilizers and FYM (farmyard manure). The recommendation of FYM and NPK were evolved based on the above criteria, and in this paper the effect of this treatment for six consecutive years on root yield, root quality parameters, such as starch, cyanogenic glucosides and total dry matter production, as well as soil nutrient status, this is pH, organic carbon, available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn and total plant uptake for the above nutrients were studied by following standard analytical procedures. The long-term fertilizer experiment was conducted in a typic kandiustult (laterite) with a pH of 4.5-5, medium in organic carbon, while available N and K were low and P was high. For this paper, the STBF treatment was compared with the current standard recommendation known as the Package of Practices (POP), in which NPK was applied at the rate of 100:50:100 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha, along with FYM at 12.5 t/ha. The STBF treatment varied from year to year as it was based on soil test data for each of the six years (2005-2010), but on average it consisted of the application of FYM at 8.3 t/ha and NPK at 89:0:67 kg/ha. The scientific information generated on the superiority of STBF over POP was validated in farmers’ fields in two districts of Kerala at 13 locations involving 17 farmers with a mean level of NPK of 80:7:70 kg/ha and FYM at 7 t/ha. The root yield data clearly indicated that, STBF was as effective in increasing yields as POP during all years except in 2007. Due to the lower levels of fertilizers and manures used, the benefit cost ratio was found higher for STBF compared to other treatments. In the case of quality attributes and total plant nutrient uptake, no significant difference was seen, but the quality traits, such as cyanogenic glucosides and starch were found improved by 1 Principal Scientist, Division of Crop Production, ICAR-CTCRI, susanctcri@gmail.com 2 Principal Scientist & Head, Division of Crop Production, ICAR-CTCRI, csrctcri@yahoo.com 3 Director, ICAR-CTCRI, sknaskar@hotmail.com 4 Principal Scientist, Division of Crop Production, ICAR-CTCRI, sujagin@yahoo.com 5 Director, State Horticulture Mission, Kerala, mdshmkerala@yahoo.co.in 6 Project Coordinator, AICRP on Tuber Crops, ICAR, jgkarott@gmail.com 217 the use of STBF. The nutrient status of the soil also followed the same trend with organic carbon and available P registering a significantly lower level without a significant reduction in root yield, suggesting the need to apply fertilizers and manures based on soil nutrient availability. Hence, the present study will be of immense application from the farmers’ point of view to sustain yield, to maintain quality of the produce, to improve the nutrient use efficiency, to increase the farmers’ income and to safeguard the environmental quality. Since fertilizer is one of the principle means to achieve global food security, the underlying principles of fertilizer management to use it efficiently and responsibly need to be practiced in all crops and cropping systems to optimize crop productivity as well as to maintain environmental quality Not Available |
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Date |
2021-08-06T04:02:59Z
2021-08-06T04:02:59Z 2015-01-01 |
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Type |
Article
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Identifier |
Not Available
Not Available http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/53324 |
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Language |
English
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Relation |
Not Available;
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Publisher |
CIAT, Columbia
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