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First Report of Rhizome Rot of Banana Caused by Klebsiella variicola in India

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Title First Report of Rhizome Rot of Banana Caused by Klebsiella variicola in India
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Creator M. Loganathan, R. Thangavelu, P. Pushpakanth, K. Muthubharathi, R. Ramesh, R. Selvarajan, and S. Uma
 
Subject banana, rhizome rot, Klebsiella variicola, first report, soft rot
 
Description Rhizome rot or soft rot disease is one of the major problems in banana
(Musa spp.) cultivation, because it causes germination failure and death of
early-stage plants. A roving survey conducted during 2017 to 2019 in the major
banana growing states of India indicated a 5 to 30% incidence of rhizome
rot in commercial cultivars. The symptoms observed were yellowing of
leaves, necrotic drying with or without heart rot, and yellow or brown watersoaked
spots with dark brown margins in the rhizomes. Decay of tissues, cavity
formation, brown ooze with foul smell, and toppling were also observed.
To isolate bacteria, dissected diseased tissues were surface sterilized and plated
on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium. Of 60 samples plated on CVP
medium, three samples collected from cultivars NeyPoovan-AB (Karur, Tamil
Nadu, 10 56936.899N; 78 24912.599E), Grand Naine-AAA (Tiruchirappalli,
Tamil Nadu, 10 47926.199N; 78 34914.899E), and Thellachakkarakeli-AAA
(East-Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 16 51932.199N; 81 46908.499E) did not
yield any bacteria; however, when plated on nutrient agar, they produced
whitish to dull white, mucoid, raised, round, and translucent colonies, and
three isolates were named as NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3, respectively.
Because these colonies were distinct from colonies obtained on CVP
medium (which were analyzed and confirmed separately as Pectobacterium
sp.) (Gokul et al. 2019), they were further characterized. Amplification of
16S rDNA genes of NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3 isolates using universal
primers (27F, 59-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-39; 1492 R, 59-
GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-39) and rpoB gene (Rosenblueth et al. 2004)
was carried out; the amplicons were sequenced and deposited in NCBI (accessions
MW036529 to MW036531; MW497572 to MW497574). Phylogenetic
analysis of rpoB clearly showed that the isolates NPK-3-48, GTC-5,
and 1-1B-3 are Klebsiella variicola (Rosenblueth et al. 2004). Additionally,
biochemical tests also indicated that all three isolates were gram negative, catalase
positive, oxidase negative, and able to utilize glucose, maltose, and citrate
(Ajayasree and Borkar 2018). Therefore, the above morphological,
molecular, and biochemical analyses carried out indicated that NPK-3-48,
GTC-5, and 1-1B-3 are K. variicola. Earlier, K. variicola causing soft rot has
been reported on banana in China (Fan et al. 2016), plantain soft rot in Haiti
(Fulton et al. 2020), and carrot soft rot in India (Chandrashekar et al. 2018).
For pathogenicity tests, these three isolates were grown in nutrient broth for
48 h at 37 6 1 C, and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. Five milliliters
of the culture suspension (2 3 108 CFU/ml) taken in a syringe was injected
into rhizomes of 3-month-old tissue-cultured Grand Naine plants. Each
bacterial isolate was injected into eight banana plants at soil level. Appropriate
controls were maintained. Inoculated plants were maintained in a glasshouse
at 32 6 2 C, and after 30 to 35 days rhizome rot symptoms appeared
in all three bacterial isolates inoculated plants but in none of the control
plants. Koch’s postulates were proved by reisolation and identification. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. variicola causing rhizome
rot disease of banana in India.
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Date 2023-03-28T04:18:31Z
2023-03-28T04:18:31Z
2021-03-01
 
Type Book
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/76616
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available