Microbial soup-Eco based approach forshrimp culture and management

Abstract

The concept of ‘microbial soup’ eventually led to development of “biofloc” technology in changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity through a sustainable approach. By developing dense heterotrophic bacterial community, the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the waste generated in the aquaculture system through insitu bioremediation. Biofloc technology approach promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems. Protein is utilized two times once as feed for the shrimp and second time as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes converts the nitrogenous technology (BFT) is a promising technology which promotes the retention of waste and its conversion to biofloc as a natural food within the aquaculture system. Biofloc is the conglomeration of microorganisms (such as heterotrophic bacteria, algae (dinoflagellates & diatoms), fungi, ciliates, flagellates, rotifers, nematodes, etazoans & detritus). This is a relatively new biotechnological means to support high density, to maintain the water quality, reduce water exchange, maintaining biosecurity, reutilize the feed and reduce the production cost. In Asia, the shrimp-farming industry has been heavily affected by early mortality syndrome or, more descriptively, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS). Bio-floc technology approach promises a healthy rearing system and identified as one possible solution for these disease problems. Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus attached to submerged surfacesin aquatic ecosystems. BFT in combination with Periphyton increases the natural production and in turn productivity. Genesis and evolution Going back to the genesis of this concept, Steve Surfling Microbial soup-Eco based approach for shrimp culture and management waste into protein. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture has successfully demonstrated the biofloc and periphyton based nursery and grow out technology for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This study deals with the evolution of the concept, principles and progress in research including dynamics of biofloc production through addition of different carbohydrate sources and inoculums vis–a-vis protein levels for better yield. Advantage in providing better growth performance, nutrition, the “natural probiotic” effect in BFT and protective response against pathogens with biofloc based rearing iselaborated