Role of Agroforestry in Conservation of Natural Resources in Rainfed Areas

Abstract

Agroforestry (AF) systems play a great role in conservation of natural resources, especially soil. The soils are protected from wind and water induced erosion. The adverse effects temperature and wind on soil fertility, soil flora and fauna are effects are ameliorated by AF systems. AF systems increase nutrients inputs through nitrogen fixing trees and nutrient uptake from deep soil horizons. They reduce nutrient leaching losses through tree root and micorrhizal systems. AF systems recycle nutrients through decomposition of litter, prunings and root residues. Most of the studies have shown that tree residues in AF systems have N, K and Ca in sufficient quantity to meet the requirements of associated crop with clear exception of P. However, the return of the prunings/ retention of leaf litter in the site is must. The returns to soil are much higher in fertile humid areas than the poor semi-arid zones.