Resource conservation through micro water harvesting for Rainfed horticulture

Abstract

Success in commercial Horticulture largely depends upon availability of rain or supplemental irrigation, particularly during critical periods of tree growth and development. Feasibility of a rainfed orchard, therefore, exists only in areas having normal and well distributed rainfall to meet the tree requirement. At present nearly 50 % of the fruit production in India is contributed by such areas despite their low productivity coupled with poor quality fruits. However, scientific management of water using techniques such as water harvesting and moisture conservation can maximize productivity and increase water use efficiency of these orchards. Initial water applications during the establishment phase of the orchard may be required. Wherever possible, during drought years, supplemental irrigations at critical stages may also be essential not only to prevent mortality of the trees but also to maintain a required vigor for normal productivity. Commercial production of major fruits is at present done only in areas having assured irrigation sources like rivers, canals, lakes, ponds and wells. Here, optimum use of available water determines the growth, vigor and productivity of the tress. Excess or scarcity of water often causes considerable losses both in quantity and quality of fruit production. Thus, development and adoption of efficient water management practices are of great importance in both rainfed and irrigated orchards. The research work has done on the use of these water management practices in India have been scanty.