Bioremediation of Metal Contaminated Soil for Sustainable Crop Production. In: V. S. Meena (ed.), Role of Rhizospheric Microbes in Soil

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is emerging with time and reduces the chances of healthy food production from natural resources. Heavy metals are toxic in nature and caused various types of malfunction in plant, animal, and human bodies. Some heavy metals are essential for plant growth in lower level; but higher level shows toxic effects on plant growth. Heavy metals are also having carcinogenic, mutagenic, malfunctioning, and teratogenic and mostly affected the neurological, liver, and kidney function. Increasing population with higher pace needs food from the fixed-cultivated land. It is a great challenge for the researcher and policy-maker in one side mitigating the food crisis without contamination of natural resources. The waste generation per capita increased with tremendous rate and vice versa freshwater resources shrinking. The needs of management for wastewater (WW) or metal-contaminated soil for the sustainable crop production in most of the developing countries. Various heavy metal remediation techniques are used for the removal of metals from environment. Among the techniques, bioremediation techniques are eco-friendly in nature, in situ, low cost, and energy saving. Phytoremediation techniques are green techniques with a wider scope of contamination removal. The climatic changes are also affecting the crop and soil production capacity; it needs more research in abiotic stress.